Research Progress Of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an immune mediated inflammatory demyelinating syndrome of the central nervous system with a predilection for the optical nerves and spinal cord.It is characterized by high rate of relapse and disability.Most patients are left with severe visual impairments and motor dysfunction.Therefore,reducing relapse and disability accumulation is the priority of the treatments.In terms of the specific biomarker--the aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies(AQP4-Ig G),both international consensus diagnostic criteria in 2015 and Chinese guidelines in 2016 classified NMOSD into sero-positive group and sero-negative group and meanwhile came up with treatment strategies for acute phase and remission.However,there are no potent therapeutic drugs for NMOSD.So in combination with clinical practice,it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of relapse and treat them with individualized therapy.This article will review the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,relapse and disease-modifying therapy of NMOSD.