Clinical Features And Prognosis Of Autoimmune Encephalitis

Objective:To study and analyze the clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis,and explore the prognostic factors that affect autoimmune encephalitis.Methods:To retrospectively analyze the clinical manifestations,imaging studies,laboratory tests of 67 patients with autoimmune encephalitis and analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of AE.Results:67 patients with autoimmune encephalitis were enrolled,including 31 males and 36 females..Clinical manifestations of patients include mental and behavioral abnormalities,seizures,involuntary movements.The average value of Lumbar puncture pressure is 189±82mmH₂O,and the median white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid was 8（1,37）×10⁶/L.Median of CSF protein was 0.37（0.2,0.6）g/L.Cerebrospinal fluid cytology examination was performed in 59 cases,31 cases showed lymphocyte reaction,and 5 cases showed mixed cytological reactions.Among the 67 patients,13 were associated with tumors（9 with lung cancer and 4 with ovarian teratoma）.The clinical symptoms of most patients were relieved.Among the 63 patients followed up,10 patients with poor prognosis and 53 patients with good prognosis.Multi-factor analysis showed that age,coma at admission were independent factors for the prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis.Conclusion:Most AE patients suffered from memory loss,epilepsy,mental and behavioral abnormalities.However,different types of AE also have their own characteristics.Patients with anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis often show early and significant status epilepsy.Patients with anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis may have Faciobrachial dystonic seizures.Routine cerebrospinal fluid examination ofen shows no abnormality.Cerebrospinal fluid cytology mostly manifested as lymphocyte reaction.Most patients receive good prognosis after immunotherapy.Coma at admission and age are independent risk factors of AE prognosis.