| Objective: Diabetes mellitus,a common metabolic disorder with chronic hyperglycemia resulting from multiple etiologies,has become the third disease that seriously threatens people’s health following the neoplasm and cardiovascular disease.The report shows that China has been the second country with the largest number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus.Digestive abnormality is frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus.However,one of the most common digestive involvements in diabetes mellitus is gastroparesis.Diabetic gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and gastric motility dysfunction in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the stomach and may lead to symptoms of nausea,vomiting,early satiety and abdominal discomfort and pai.Currently,treatment of diabetic gastroparesis mainly controls symptoms and improves delayed gastric emptying based on symptom severity and relief,which ranges from dietary to pharmaceutical intervention.It is reported that,diabetic gastroparesis affects 30–50% of the diabetic population and its underlying pathological mechanisms are mainly associated with hyperglycemia and autonomic neuropathy,hormone levels and enteric nervous system dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia.Aim to investigate the effect of gingerol on gastrointestinal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Gingerol is ginger extract,the main ingredients are gingerol and shogaol.A study found that ginger oleoresin has anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to glucose oxidation,protein oxidation and lipid oxidation,and promote free radical production,resulting in oxidative stress.The anti-oxidant effect of gingerol can reduce blood sugar,alleviate on diabetic gastroparesis and its mechanism is less.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether gingerol can improve or relieve gastric motility disorder in STZ induced diabetic rat through the anti-stress effect and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Preparation of STZ induced diabetic rat model.Rats were was fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks,and was received an intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of 1% streptozotocin(35 mg/kg,dissolved in 0.1 M citric acid buffer).The rats were injected with 35 mg/kg STZ again on the 8th day after the first injection.The control group was injected with the same volume of citric acid buffer.The rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test(glucose,3.0 g/kg body weight)at 72 h after the last injection of STZ.After 2 h,blood glucose concentration,plasma insulin level,and insulin resistance(IR)index were measured.The animals were considered as diabetic if their blood glucose values were above 200 mg/dl 2 h post glucose intake and selected for further subsequent studies.After testing,the plasma insulin of control group was 22.74 + 4.22 IU/m L,and IR was 5.1 + 0.81.The plasma insulin of the experimental group was 21.91 + 5.62 IU/m L,and the IR was 18.7 + 1.54.Gingerol was administrated intragastrically at a dose of 150,300 and 600 mg/kg/day to diabetic rats.After 28 dayst,assayed the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),the content of reduced glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)in gastric mucosa and gastric emptying.Results: The blood glucose and the level of MDA in diabetic rats induced by STZ was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the levels of SOD,CAT and GSH in gastric tissues were significantly lower than those in normal rats(P<0.05).Compared with normal rats,the expression of plasma ghrelin and stomach ghrelin m RNA was significantly increased in diabetic rats(P<0.05),but the expression of ghrelin in stomach decreased significantly(P<0.05),and gastric emptying in diabetic rats was decreased(P<0.05).After 28 days of gingerol gavage treatment,compared with diabetic NS group,the blood glucose of rats decreased significantly(P<0.05).The levels of SOD,CAT and GSH were significantly increased in gastric tissues,The level of MDA decreased significantly,and there was a significant dose dependent relationship(P<0.05~0.01);After the gingerol gavage treatment,plasma ghrelin and gastric ghrelin m RNA expression decreased(P<0.05),The expression of ghrelin in gastric tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the gastric emptying rate was also significantly improved(P<0.05).Conclusion: The state of pathology of diabetic gastroparesis,gingerol could enhance the anti-oxidative capacity of the organization,in order to maintain the relative balance of metabolism and blood glucose,tends to improve gastric motility and ghrelin may be involved in the regulation of the process. |
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