Study On The Relationship Between Dietary Pattern And Chronic Diseases Of Middle And Old People With Low Income In Guangzhou City

Background:At present,China is in the midst of the nutrition transition with the rapid development of economy,chronic disease remains the leading cause of death in the country,and 3/4 and most premature deaths occur in low-and middle-income groups,but it can be avoided.According to the fifth national health services survey,we could know that chronic illnesses number in patients with chronic diseases in China has reached 370 million people,the economic burden of chronic diseases to the state and the family and the consumption of medical resources is huge,need to be addressed.According to the dietary nutrition and health status of residents in guangdong province ten years change analysis results show that the urban population of the prevalence of hypertension,stroke and other chronic diseases is higher than the countryside,and the effect of chronic diseases to low-income groups than rich people.And current relative to the general population health service demand and utilization of research in terms of number,special attention to the low-income urban vulnerable group's health and their dietary structure of the research is very limited.Objective:This study aims to understand the dietary pattern features of urban low-income groups,and discuss the related to chronic disease index of the direction and intensity,to improve the health level of urban low-income groups targeted strategy and specific measures are put forward.Method:1?food frequency questionnaire was used to dietary surveyoffour hundred and twentyresidents over 45 years old in Guangzhou 2 jiekun community.to carry outdietaryinvestigation andmedicalexamination in May to October 2015.2?The questionnairesshouldbefinishedbyfaceto face with each resident for interview.The questionnaires include general demographic characteristics,health status,major risk factors for chronic diseases,various chronic diseases,and 9 types of total 79 food consumption and consumption frequency.Haveaphysical examinationandblood specimen collection.3?All data were set up by Epi Data3.1 software input,and SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Specific methods:The quantitative data presented normal or skewed normal distribution,using x±s to description,and the nutritional survey in China and guangdong was conducted with a single sample t test;The data rate or composition ratio description,the comparison between the group was used?~2test;Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between dietary frequency and nutrients and chronic diseases.According to the total score,dietary quality distance,DQI-lower bound score(DQI-LB)and DQI-higher bound score(DQI-HB),we could get dietary pattern,using to evaluate the overall dietary quality of the group.Results:1.General and chronic diseases of the subjectsThe effective sample size of this study was 420.Among them,197were males,with an average age of 63.8±11.2 years,and 223 females,with an average age of 56.0±6.6 years.In this study,44 patients were diagnosed with hypertension and the prevalence rate was 10.5%.There were 82 people diagnosed with diabetes,and the prevalence rate was19.5%.The prevalence rate was 31.7%,with 133 people diagnosed with overweight/obesity.There were 263 people who were diagnosed with dyslipidemia,and the prevalence rate was 62.6%.There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between sex,with P>0.05.2.Food intake of the subjectsCereal average daily intake of 466.7 g,vegetables 418.6 g and beans32.7 g,were higher than the national average and guangdong nutrition survey,and grains significantly more than the recommended intake;88.2g of livestock and poultry were lower than the average level of national average and guangdong nutrition survey,but their intake was higher than that of RNI.Aquatic products 43.9g,lower than the average level of guangdong nutrition survey;Fruit 45.6g,milk 29.0g and eggs24.0g were inadequately consumed.3.Nutrient intake of the study subjectsThe total energy of dietary intake was(2080.1kcal/d),and there was no significant difference between the average level of the national average and guangdong nutrition survey.Protein(85.3 g/d),carbohydrates(417.2 g/d),dietary fiber(13.1 g/d)and Nick acid(18.7mg/d),were higher than the national average and guangdong nutrition survey,and carbohydrate intake is about three times as many RNI;Fat(60.4g/d)and sodium intake(1838.1g/d)were lower than the average level of the national average and guangdong nutrition survey.Vitamin A(605.6mg/d),thiamine(1.2mg/d),riboflavin(1.0mg/d),vitamin C(88.8mg/d)and calcium(528.7g)were not sufficient.4.The three major nutrient supply conditions of the study subjectsThe carbohydrate supply ratio is 65.3%,which is higher than the average level of nutrition survey residents in China and guangdong province,and slightly exceeds the recommended range.The protein supply was 14.8%and the fat supply was 19.9%,both lower than the average level of urban residents in guangdong province,but it was basically within the recommended range.5.The influencing factors of chronic diseases?~2test and Logistic regression analysis results showed that the frequency of condiments and the storage of meat intake is a risk factor for chronic diseases(all OR>1,P<0.05),And the frequency of the intake of grains,rice noodles,eggplant gourd and beans and their products is a protective factor for chronic diseases(all OR<1,P<0.05).Fat,cholesterol and zinc are risk factors for chronic disease(all OR>1,P<0.05),Calcium,iron,thiamine,riboflavin,vitamin C,phosphorus and dietary fiber are protective factors for chronic diseases(all OR<1,P<0.05).In addition,hypertension and other diseases are also associated with central obesity,BMI,smoking,drinking and education.6.The relationship between dietary patterns and chronic diseasesThe results of DQI analysis showed that 51.1%of residents'dietary diversity was greater than or equal to-4 points.45.6 percent of the population of the population was deficient in fruits and vegetables,and only 16.8 percent of the residents were required to eat fruits and vegetables.The energy intake of 45.0%was greater than 130%RNI,and excessive intake;The protein supply of 98.2%of the residents was greater than or equal to 10%,and the protein intake is sufficient;The total fat intake in the population of 70.3%was between 15%and 24%,reaching the appropriate level.The intake of saturated fatty acids in the population was at the appropriate level.28.1%of the residents have a carbohydrate supply ratio of more than 70%;77.7%of residents had less calcium than the AI's 67%;84.1%of the residents'sodium intake was in line with the 6g recommended by the WHO;90.5 percent of the population is suitable for alcohol consumption.DQI evaluation index analysis results showed that the population mean of DQI scores was(-13.04±17.24),DQI-lower bound score was(-21.89±11.26),DQI-higher bound score was(8.86±8.89)and DQI-quality distance was(30.75±10.70),prompt insufficient overall dietary intake is the main issue.According to dietary quality distance and the ratio of DQI-HB and DQI-QD(p-hb),A total of 6 dietary patterns were combined into A~F.The results of dietary pattern analysis showed that 30.89%of the residents were in pattern A,that is,the overall diet problem was serious,and there were serious insufficiency problems.Besides,32.72%of the residents are model B,which means the overall diet problem is relatively light,and the intake deficiency is higher than that of overconsumption.Another 15.60 per cent of the residents were in mode D,which is the overall diet problem,and the insufficiency was comparable to the overdose.Residents of chronic illnesses in different mode analysis results show that the urban low-income overweight and obesity,diabetes,high blood cholesterol and high blood triglycerides highest prevalence in F mode;In the C mode,the prevalence of overweight and obesity,diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia was also relatively high.Low HDL prevalence was highest in B mode.In addition,the prevalence of hypertension is mainly related to the dietary habits of E mode,and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is also related to the dietary structure of A pattern.Conclusion:The group's diabetes and hyperlipidemia were higher than the average of people over 45 in guangdong,and the main problem was insufficiency(Thanks to the fruits and milk Inadequate intake,thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin C and calcium intake is lower than the recommended dietary intake and the people of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol has the highest prevalence in B mode);There is also a certain amount of excess,Mainly grains ate too much that leads to the total energy and excess carbs,make the overweight and obesity,diabetes,high blood cholesterol and high blood triglycerides highest prevalence in F mode,that is,the overall diet quality is low,which leads to the higher prevalence of diabetes and blood lipids in the lower income groups in urban areas,and further strengthen the nutrition education and intervention work.In addition,the prevalence of chronic diseases in this population is also related to its economic factors such as low income and educational level,and is closely related to the central obesity,BMI,smoking and drinking.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of non-dietary factors such as education level and obesity should be strengthened.And stop smoking and limit alcohol publicity and education.