| Objectives1.To investigate the relationship between serum boron,cadmium,manganese,nickel,cobalt,arsenic,selenium,tellurium,chromium and lead levels and hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease in pingyin.2.To investigate the distribution of lead,cadmium,arsenic and mercury in the environment of the high-risk areas of esophageal cancer.Methods1.InvestigationUsing group sampling method to randomly select five natural villages from pingyin,the survey subjects were surveyed by household questionnaire.2.Physical examination and blood extractionAt the same time,a healthy examination of the subjects was carried out.The contents of the physical examination included body height,blood pressure,blood sugar and other physiological indexes.Sampling of blood of the subjects,the collected 3ml of anticoagulant blood in 1000 revolutions per minute centrifugal 10 minutes,absorbed plasma into the Eppeddorf tube,sealed the number of cryogenic transport storage.3.Detection of serum trace elementsThe detection limit,precision,relative error and recovery rate of serum trace elements detected by ICP-MS were calculated under the conditions of sample treatment and instrument.After 10-fold dilution of serum by 0.1%Trition-X-100 and 0.5%ammonium hydroxide solution,an ICP-MS was used to calibrate a working curve.4.The detection of blood lipidThe serum total cholesterol,triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-Cholesterol Reagent box were used to determine the conditions and steps on the kit.The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)cholesterol was calculated by indirect calculation.5.The collection of environmental samplesThe study area was selected according to the prevalence rate of esophageal cancer and samples were collected.6.The detection of environmental samplesHeavy metals in water quality samples were detected by GB/T 5750.6-2006,heavy metals in food samples by GB/T 5009-2014,total Mercury and arsenic in soil samples by GB/T 22105-2008,and lead and cadmium in soil samples by GB/T 17141-1997.7.Quality controlQuality control is needed for data entry from survey sampling and laboratory indexes.Before the investigation,we should determine the selection principle of the subject,and check the quality of questionnaire,sample collection and physical examination.In the laboratory testing process,the indoor variation is controlled in the allowed range by quality control graph.When the biochemical indicators are tested,30 samples are tested as a quality control serum,and 40 samples are tested as a standard curve.All reagents should be careful to avoid pollution and do a good job in quality control of sample collection.8.Data processingEstablish database and input data,and perform statistical processing and analysis of the data needed for research;The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software,and the data were expressed by mean ± standard deviation(±s).The statistical methods used were T test,Square test,variance analysis,and unconditioned Logistic multiple regression analysis(P<0.05).Results1.The method of detecting trace elements in serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP MS)was validated.The detection limits of boron,cadmium,manganese,nickel,cobalt,arsenic,selenium,thallium,Chromium and lead were 0.200 ppb,0.392 ppb,0.005 ppb,0.037 ppb,0.038 ppb,0.004 ppb,0.363 ppb,0.042 ppb,0.002 ppb,0.001 ppb respectively;The recovery rate of each trace element is between 85%and 115%;The concentration of each trace element was better than 5%;High school low daytime precision of each trace element was better than 15%;The mean relative errors of boron,cadmium,manganese,nickel,cobalt,arsenic,selenium,thallium,Chromium,lead were 6.85%,3.0%,6.23%,3.50%,1.90%,5.83%,1.22%,0.92%,2.30%,5.40%,respectively;The correlation coefficient of each trace element is better than 0.99.2.The distribution level of serum trace elements in the normal population of Pingyin is Boron 39.76 ± 21.95 ? g/L,Chromium 1.95 ± 1.17 ± g/L,manganese 5.82 ± 8.07 ? g/L,cobalt 0.68 ± 1.34 ? g/L,nickel 3.58 ± 5.69 ? g/L,arsenic 4.48± 3.44 ? g/L,selenium 122.90 ± 39.65 ? g/L,cadmium 1.12 ± 1.51 ? g/L,thallium 0.073±0.15 ? g/L,lead 5.25 ± 40 ? g/L.The serum content of boron and selenium was higher in men than in women,and the serum content of cobalt was higher in women than in men.The serum contents of boron,cobalt and selenium were significantly different in different sex(P<0.05);Serum content of manganese,Chromium,nickel,arsenic,cadmium,thallium and lead were not statistically different in different sex groups.Serum element boron:The content of serum element increased with age in both male and female groups.Serum element selenium:Serum element content increased with age in female group,and there was significant difference among age groups(P<0.05);Serum element content increased with age in the male group and decreased after age 40 to 60.Serum element cobalt:significant difference in age group 40 to 60 years of age between the same age group and the same sex(P<0.05),no significant difference in the rest.Serum Nickel:Serum element content decreased with age in the male group.There were significant differences in the 40-60 age group and in the>60 age group and the<20 age group respectively(P<0.05).3.Statistical analysis of hypertension group and control group showed that there were significant differences between hypertension group and normal group in age,weight,BMI,daily salt intake,TQ TC,LDL-c,annual household income,sex,poverty insurance,smoking,drinking and tea(P<0.05).The mean age,body weight,BMI and daily salt intake were higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group,and TG,TC and LDL-C in the lipid index were higher than in the control group.The ratio of sex,drinking rate,smoking rate,tea rate and low protection rate were found to be higher than those of control group.High blood pressure group of poor low security rate than the control group.The content of serum boron and selenium in hypertension group was higher than that in control group,and Chromium was lower than that in control group.Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences between annual household income,Chromium,manganese,lipid index TQ LDL-C,HDL-C,BMI and hypertension(P<0.05).Annual household income,Mn,lipid index TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,BMI,high blood pressure risk factors,serum Chromium as protection against hypertension.4.The T test results of two independent samples in diabetes group and control group showed that the age,body weight,BMI,waist circumference,fasting blood sugar,and TG,TC,LDL-C were significantly higher than those in control group.The results of serum trace element analysis showed that the content of serum boron,selenium and arsenic was higher than that of control group,and there was significant difference(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that the serum elements boron,selenium and BMI were risk factors for diabetes.5.The T test results of two independent samples of coronary heart disease group and control group showed that age,daily salt intake,waist circumference and TG and TC were significantly higher than normal group.The Kevlar test showed that the tea rate was significantly lower in the coronary group than in the normal group.Logistic regression analysis showed that daily salt intake was a risk factor for coronary heart disease.6.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that there was a statistically significant difference in arsenic levels among different prevalence groups(P<0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in the grain lead content in different prevalence groups(P<0.05).Using the rank sum test,it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the mercury content of vegetables between different prevalence groups(P<0.05).7.Using the Dunnett t test to compare the control group with all other groups,it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in water quality mercury content between the two disease groups compared with the control group(P<0.05);the water quality arsenic content comparison,group 2 and The content of the control group was statistically significant;the content of mercury in the vegetables was significantly different between the group 2 and the control group(P<0.05).8.Logistic regression analysis showed that arsenic in water and vegetables were significantly different from esophageal cancer(P<0.05).Both arsenic and mercury in vegetables were risk factors for esophageal cancer(OR was 1.056 and 1.162,respectively).Conclusions1.The ICP-MS method for the determination of trace elements in serum was used for method validation.The detection limit,precision,accuracy,and linear range of the method all met the requirements.2.The distribution level of serum trace elements in the normal population of Pingyin County is:boron 39.76±21.95 ? g/L,chromium 1.95±1.17?g/L,manganese 5.82±8.07?g/L,cobalt 0.68±1.34 ? g/L,Nickel was 3.58±5.69 ?g/L,arsenic was 4.48±3.44 ?g/L,selenium was 122.90±39.65 ?g/L,cadmium was 1.12±1.51.g/L,hydrazine was 0.073±0.15 ?g/L,and lead was 5.25±4.40 ?g/L.The serum levels of elemental boron and selenium are higher in men than in women,and the serum levels of elemental cobalt are higher in women than in men;The content of serum boron increases with age;The content of arsenic in serum is also increasing with age after 20 to 40 years old;The content of selenium in the serum is also increased with age,but the serum selenium content of 40 years old tends to be stable.3.The age,weight,BMI,daily salt intake,TG,TC,LDL-c,gender,minimum guaranteeing rate,smoking rate,drinking rate,and tea drinking rate of the hypertensive group were higher than those of the normal group;Age,weight,BMI levels,daily salt intake,TG,TC,LDL-c,smoking,drinking,tea,serum manganese,and selenium were all risk factors for hypertension.Serum chromium may be a protective factor for hypertension.4.The age,weight,BMI,serum boron,selenium,and arsenic levels in the diabetic group were all higher than those in the control group;age,body weight,waist circumference,BMI,serum boron,selenium,and arsenic were risk factors for diabetes.5.Age,high salt diet,waist circumference,and risk factors for coronary heart disease may be a protective factor for coronary heart disease.6.Lead and arsenic in food and mercury in vegetables may be risk factors for esophageal cancer. |
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