Biomakers Of Exosome Proteins In Urine Of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a degenerative neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system.The main clinical symptoms are slow decline in cognitive ability,including the progressive loss of memory,logical reasoning ability and language function,and finally develop into severe dementia.The pathogenesis of AD is very complicated.There is no definite diagnosis and treatment method yet.Only relying on imaging and scale aids for initial diagnosis.Therefore,it is very urgent to find a biomarker that can be diagnosed early.Exosomes are small vesicles actively secreted by cells and are an important means of intercellular communication.To a certain extent urine can reflect the whole state of the blood and the body,exosome can carry ADrelated APP and Tau protein related literature has been reported,but there are few studies on AD urine exosomes proteome.This article uses AD urine exosome protein as the research object,the proteomic approach is used to study the possibility of having AD biomarkers in exosome protein.Firstly,we established the method of hydraulic dialysis combined with ultracentrifugation to extract exosomes.Then we used iTRAQ technology to analyze the urinary exosome protein of AD.We obtained 45 differential proteins,of which 19 proteins were found to be up-regulated and 16 proteins were down-regulated.The ten proteins have the opposite trend.Considering the results of differentially expressed proteins and later validation experiments and literature reports,We propose that five proteins,Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin,Ceruloplasmin,Protein S100-A8,Protein S100-A9 and Annexin A2 may become potential biomarkers for AD-based urine exosome proteins.