Biomechanical Study Of Elbow Joint In Jury At Tissue Level

In recent years,elbow dysfunction caused by aging population,daily activities,and trauma has been clinically common.The medial and lateral ligaments of the elbow joint are the basic structures for maintaining the stability of the elbow joint,and are also the most vulnerable structures.It is particularly important to further understand the role of various parts of the medial and lateral ligaments in the stability of the elbow joint.At present,there are many domestic studies on the effects of joint dislocation,valgus,varus,and fractures on the stability of elbow joints.Relatively few studies have been done on the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow joints,resulting that there is no effective treatment for elbow joint functional disorder caused by relating ligament damage.In this paper,finite element biomechanics simulation was used to construct a finite element model of a healthy adult elbow joint with high degree of simulation,and to study the role of various components of the medial and lateral ligaments in maintaining the stability of the elbow joint.It provides a biomechanical theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of elbow flexion instability caused by ligament injury.This article is based on the normal human elbow CT image data,using the reverse engineering method to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the elbow,to build a finite element model of the elbow joint with high fidelity in the finite element pre-processing software(including the humerus,ulna and radius,the articular cartilage of distal end of humerus and proximal end of ulna and radius,anterior joint capsule,radial collateral ligament,ulnar collateral ligament anterior,posterior and transverse bundle,triceps).The validity of the model was verified by comparing the elbow joint simulation with the experimental data at the neutral 0° position.Simulation analysis of the simulated elbow flexion from neutral 0° to 135° is based on the following two conditions.Normal condition:articular cartilage,anterior joint capsule,radial collateral ligament,ulnar collateral ligament anterior,posterior and transverse bundle,and triceps muscle,trauma(individual ligament alone missing):(1)absence of the anterior bundle;(2)absence of the posterior bundle;(3)absence of the transverse bundle;(4)absence of the radial collateral ligament.The stress distribution and distribution of articular cartilage and related major ligaments during elbow flexion from neutral 0° to 135° were analyzed.The results show that the three-dimensional finite element model of elbow joint constructed in this paper can well simulate the mechanical response of human tissue,and it is effective.In the process of elbow flexion from neutral 0° to 135°,the peak stress is mostly distributed in the ulnar trochlear notch and coracoid process.This result is generally consistent with the clinical observation.The peak stress of the collateral ligaments and the radial collateral ligament in the ulnar side was the most frequently at the beginning and end.In the whole process of flexion,the medial collateral ligament of elbow is used to maintain the stability of elbow joint.The anterior bundle plays the most important role,and the posterior bundle plays the second role.The radial collateral ligament acts again,and the transverse bundle has little effect.This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the arthritis disease and the injury mechanism,repair or reconstruction of ligaments due to severe articular cartilage loss.Also,it has a certain guiding significance for the prevention of elbow joint injury for healthy people,the clinical development of the most suitable rehabilitation program for patients,the optimal design of artificial elbow prostheses.