Research On The Effect Of Different Flushing Methods Of Short Peripheral Catheter On Blood Vessels

ObjectivesThis project aims to simulate the pulsed and uniform flush method of(Short Peripheral Catheter,SPC)through animal experimental research,observing effects on different flushing methods about veins visually and from the perspective of histopathology;meanwhile,Exploring its mechanism,and providing experimental data to and a theoretical basis for clinical application of SPC in the future.MethodsThirty half of male and female white rabbits from Japan were selected,and establishing the experimental group I,the experimental group II and the control group by method of Excel table generating random number,with 10 rats in each group.In the experimental group I and II,SPC were indwelled and fixed properly,the 5-mL pre-filled saline catheter was flushed once every 8 hours;the experimental group I use the method of pulsed flushing,but uniform flush method of experimental group II,and leaving the control group as a blank control.SPC of the experimental group I and II was retained until the end of 72 h;meanwhile,the ear veins that were not punctured in the experimental group I and II,and not labeled in the control group were injected with air;and then,these three groups all were paraffin-embedded and stained by(Hematoxylin-Eosin,HE).Finally,observing the complications of SPC,endothelium,and pathological changes of surrounding tissues.Results1 Visual observationThe study showed that the occlusion rate,exudation rate and phlebitis rate in the experimental group II were lower than those in the experimental group I(P <0.05).2 Pathomorphology observation2.1 Comparison of morphological changesIn the experimental group I,the vessel wall and surrounding structures are not clear,and a large number of inflammatory cells is infiltrated,and diffuse edema around the perivascular tissue and organized thrombosis in the lumen as well.In the experimental group II,the vascular endothelium is relatively intact,and the perivascular structure is clear,but a small amount of inflammatory cells is infiltrated within the perivascular tissue,and also a small amount of red blood cells exists in the lumen.The vascular endothelial cells in the control group were arranged neatly,the blood vessel wall and surrounding structures were clear,and red blood cell aggregation was observed in theblood cavity.2.2 Comparison on pathological grading(1)Comparison on different groups in the same area:(1)There is no statistical significance of Chondrocyte degeneration between the edema of proximal puncture point and the distal area of puncture point in the experimental group I and II(P >0.05).(2)The proximal and distal parts of puncture points in these three groups were endothelial cell exfoliation,inflammatory cell infiltration and edema,and,and there is a statistical significance in the difference between epidermis and chondrocyte degeneration.(P <0.05).(3)For the distal parts of puncture points,thrombosis of the experimental group II Is more serious than group I,and the difference is statistically significant(P <0.05).(4)In the proximal region,the thrombosis of the experimental group I was more serious than group II,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)Comparison of different regions of the same group:(1)The inflammatory cell infiltration in the distal region of the puncture site of the experimental group I and II is more serious than the proximal region(P <0.05).(2)In the experimental group I,there is no significant difference in thrombosis between the distal and proximal regions of the puncture site(P > 0.05).(3)In the experimental group II,the thrombosis in the distal region from the puncture site is more severe than the proximal region,and the difference is statistically significant(P < 0.05).2.3 Comparison on inflammatory cell counts(1)Comparison of different groups in the same region:(1)In the distal region of the puncture site,the inflammatory cell count in the experimental group I was higher than that in group II,and the difference is statistically significant(P < 0.05).(2)In the region parts of puncture points,there is no significant difference in the inflammatory cell count between the experimental group I and the experimental group II(P > 0.05).(2)Comparison of different regions of the same group:(1)The inflammatory cell count in the distal region of the experimental group I was higher than the proximal region,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).(2)There was no significant difference between the distal end region and the proximal region of the experimental group II(P > 0.05).Conclusions1 Different methods of flushing all can lead to complications of catheterization such as blockage,exudation and phlebitis.The probability of complications in uniform flush is lower than those in pulsed flush.2 Different methods of flushing for SPC have different degrees of damage to blood vessels,and both methods have advantages and disadvantages;The pulsed flush is more sensitive to the vascular endothelium and surrounding tissues than the uniform flush,but at the distal region of the puncture point,it is superior to the uniform flush in reducing thrombosis.Therefore,it is recommended that a clinical application of SPC can select a suitable method of flushing depending on the patient’s disease state,the drug used,and the blood vessel conditions.