Study On The Effect Of Breast Cancer On Human Skin Microbes

Research BackgroundThe mammary gland is composed of skin,fibrous tissue,breast gland and fat.Under normal physiological functions,the cells in the breast are metabolized in an orderly manner,and sometimes this normal metabolism and growth process may be wrong: new cells will also form when not needed,and the aging cells will hinder the apoptotic stroke,thus making unnecessary cells accumulate to form a mass.The malignant mass that occurs in the mammary epithelial tissue is breast cancer.Worldwide,breast cancer is the number one killer among women,and due to its heterogeneity,high invasiveness and complexity of physiological characteristics,breast cancer research has been slow for many years.Studies have shown that the occurrence of breast cancer and the clinic pathological features are associated with changes in the human microbiome.The microflora of breast tissue itself,the intestinal flora and some microbiota in the distal part of the body have been studied and tested,which may change due to the pathological state of breast tumor.The skin is the largest organ on the surface of the human body,and its flora balance has a significant effect in many diseases.This suggests that there may be some unknown correlation between breast cancer and skin flora.Similar to intestinal microorganisms,skin microbes play an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogens,the formation of the immune system,and the breakdown of natural products.In healthy conditions,the skin microbiota together with the host skin and the external environment constitute a stable and balanced skin micro-ecology.If the environment is changed or the pathogen invades,the balance is broken,causing micro-ecological imbalance,which will cause a series of barrier effects on the host to damage,trigger or accelerate the disease.Recent studies have shown that the protective effect of skin microbes on the host is not limited to common diseases such as acne and specific dermatitis on the surface of the skin,but also has the potential to inhibit tumors by blocking DNA synthesis.This points to a new direction for the study of skin microbes in the future.This experiment explores the flora characteristic difference between breast cancer patients and healthy people by analyzing the skin flora.Research purposeAs the number one killer of women worldwide,breast cancer has not been properly screened for its complexity,and most patients are diagnosed at mid-to late stage.In this study,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to select the most diverse and stable dry parts of the skin microbiota,and to analyze the similarities and differences of skin microbiota between breast cancer patients before and after treatment,and to explore the correlation between skin microbes and breast cancer.This provides preliminary data for the identification of possible breast cancer microbiological risk markers and potential microbial-based prophylaxis in the future.Research content and methodIn order to explore the differences in skin flora between breast cancer patients and healthy people,five untreated breast cancer patients,breast cancer patients treated with 1-3 months,and healthy subjects were selected,and the subjects were all between 50-60 years old.Using sterile swabs wipe in a sterile environment,skin samples from the subject's left forearm were collected.A series of operations,such as DNA extraction,PCR amplification,library construction,Illumina sequencing,and bioinformatics analysis and so on,were performed.Research resultThe number of OTU in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group and the treatment group,and the alpha diversity and ? diversity were lower than those in the healthy group.There was no significant difference in the dominant flora between the three groups,and the main difference was concentrated on the less abundant strains.The overall bacterial abundance and diversity were decreased in the patient group,and the difference in the genus level was more severe,and the composition of the flora was more complicated.Among them,the abundance of Fusobacteria,Actinomycetaceae,Micrococcaceae,Fusobacteriaceae,Veillonellaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas was significantly reduced,which was significantly different from the healthy group.The overall difference of the treatment group was not significant,and the abundance of some strains was higher than that of the patient group.