| ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the geographical distribution pattern of the main host animal Apodemus chevrieri of the plague foci of wild rodents in Yunnan,which in different regions and elevation gradients,to explore the status and population distribution of Apodemus chevrieri in small mammalian communities,improve the geographical distribution and characteristics of population ecology,describe the trends,c omprehensive analysis and comparison of differences in indicators of different types of plague foci,preliminary study on the adaptive selection and distribution of Apodemus chevrieri to the environment.MethodsIn the period from 2009 to 2018,a small animal field survey was conducted on 36county-level administrative regions in Yunnan.Among them,Tengchong,Shangri-La,Yunlong,Deqin,Weixi,Gongshan,Yiliang,Fugong,Yulong,Qiaojia,Huaping,Yongshan,Jianchuan and Xiangyun,a total of 14 plots were found Apodemus chevrieri exists.According to the survey situation,habitat type and landscape environmental conditions,the altitude gradients were divided,organize survey data,calculate geographical distribution and ecological indicators,using SPSS software for statistical analysis.Results1.In this survey,a total of 1541 Apodemus chevrieri were captured,accounting for22.88% of the total number of small mammals.They were dominant species of small mammals,with a total catch density of 3.18% and an overall niche breath of 0.5967.From the west to the east,the composition of Apodemus chevrieri in each sample area is gradually increased and then decreased,presented unimodal distribution pattern.And the north-south direction is unevenly distributed with large fluctuations;The capture density is in the form of low and high central distribution in both east and west andnorth and south directions;The niche breadth shows a large fluctuation in the east,west,and north directions;With the increase of elevation,the composition and capture density of Apodemus chevrieri showed the distribution pattern of rising first and then decreasing.2.A total of 723 rats were captured in 14 plots,the total female rate was 46.92%,and the total ratio was 0.88;There were 1294 adult rats,with overall adult rate of83.97%.From west to east,the female rate and sex ratio of Apodemus chevrieri with longitude increase showed a decreasing distribution trend,and from north to south it presented as an irregular distribution trend,there are great differences in the spatial distribution of various intervals.The annual rate presents an irregular distribution trend in two directions,From west to east,and south to north.In addition to Apodemus chevrieri of elevation gradient IV is too less that we didn’t discuss it,the female rate and sex ratio of Apodemus chevrieri decreased slowly and then increased with the increase of elevation,the annual rate also increases gradually with the increase of altitude.3.A total of 693 parasitic fleas,belonging to 13 species and 13 genera,2 families,6 subfamilies,8 genera,were detected from the body surface of the captured Apodemus chevrieri.The subspecies of the new genus,the subspecies of Neopsylla specialis specialis,and Frontopsylla diqing,accounted for 43.29%,21.50%,and 20.49% of the total,respectively,which were the dominant species of the parasitic mites in the genus;351 rats were infected with fleas,with a total flea rate of 22.78%.In the geographical distribution from west to east,the dyeing rate,index of flea and index of Neopsylla specialis specialis of Apodemus chevrieri in different areas presented an irregular distribution pattern from north to south.But in the vertical distribution,it shows a trend of increasing with the increase of altitude.4.The composition ratio,capture density,annual rate and dyeing rate of Apodemus chevrieri in vole plague foci are significantly higher than that in the non-epidemic source and rat plague foci.But there is no difference in the gender distribution of Apodemus chevrieri.To some extent,it reflects that there are differences in the distribution of Apodemus chevrieri in different types of foci.Relatively speaking,it appears as a concentrated distribution trend in vole plague foci,outstanding population status.But in rat plague foci and non-epidemic source,its dominant population status may change or convert.Conclusions1.Small mammalian community structure in different plots are diverse,community ecological indicators such as species richness and diversity are closely related to the geographical distribution of Apodemus chevrieri in different areas,the lower species richness and diversity index of the small mammalian community,the higher dominance,the more prominent the dominant species of Apodemus chevrieri.2.The composition ratio of the squirrel in each sample area is in the horizontal direction of the longitude,increased from longitude to longitude from west to east appears as a gradual increase and then decrease in the unimodal distribution pattern;But in the horizontal direction of the latitude,it shows a trend of large fluctuations from north to south;From the perspective of vertical distribution,composition ratio and capture density of Apodemus chevrieri showed a pattern of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.3.The population structure and distribution of Apodemus chevrieri are significantly different between different regions and altitude gradients,and it related to the interaction of various factors such as population size,density and altitude.4.The dyeing rate,index of flea and index of Neopsylla specialis specialis of Apodemus chevrieri were presented distribution pattern of the three-stage first rise and then decrease at the latitude and longitude level(from west to east,from north to south);From the perspective of vertical distribution,the dyeing rate,index of flea and index of Neopsylla specialis specialis of Apodemus chevrieri increased as altitude increases.5.The composition ratio,capture density,annual rate and dyeing rate of the Apodemus chevrieri in vole plague foci were significantly higher than that of rat plague foci and non-epidemic source,the geographical distribution characteristics and ecological indicators of Apodemus chevrieri in different types of plague foci are different. |
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