| ObjectivesA questionnaire for humanistic care needs of patients with schizophrenia in convalescent period was developed and its reliability and validity were tested.To understand the current situation of humanistic care needs of patients with schizophrenia during rehabilitation and analyze its influencing factors;According to the needs of patients,the corresponding nursing humanistic care measures were formulated,and the intervention effect of the patients was evaluated,so as to provide a reference basis for the nursing staff to better nursing humanistic care for patients with schizophrenia in the rehabilitation period.MethodsPart Ⅰ:based on maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and Watson’s theory of human care,the first draft of the questionnaire was formed by literature review,group discussion,patient interview and Delphi expert consultation.A preliminary experiment was conducted on 20 patients with schizophrenia in the convalescent stage,and the language expression of some survey items was modified to form a preliminary questionnaire.Convenience sampling method was adopted to distribute 235 pre-test questionnaires for field investigation,and 7 methods including critical ratio method,correlation coefficient method,discrete trend method,content validity,structure validity,internal consistency reliability and retest reliability were used to test the questionnaires,and finally the formal version of the questionnaire was formed.Part ii:the convenience sampling method was adopted to select 308 patients with schizophrenia in the convalescent period from four psychiatric hospitals in shandong province.The general information questionnaire of patients and the self-developed humanistic care demand questionnaire for the nursing care of patients with schizophrenia in the convalescent period were used for the current situation investigation,and the influencing factors were analyzed.SPSS22.0 was used to analyze the data,and all statistical tests were performed by bilateral test.Significance levelα=0.05,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Among them,（1）the general demographic data used frequency,composition ratio description;（2）scores of all dimensions and items of humanistic care needs of patients with schizophrenia in rehabilitation were described by mean standard deviation.（3）t test of independent samples or one-way anova were used to compare the score differences of humanistic care needs of nursing care for patients with schizophrenia in rehabilitation stage with different demographic characteristics,the items withstatistically significant differences were compared in pairwise;（4）the use of multiple linear regression analysis of patients with schizophrenia rehabilitation humanistic care needs of the impact of factors.Part iii:using the random number table method,110 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia during the rehabilitation period were randomly divided into the control group（n=55）and the experimental group（n=55）.The control group received conventional nursing measures,the experimental group on the basis of receiving conventional nursing measures to increase the humanistic care needs of targeted nursing measures.The evaluation index includes four aspects:（1）nursing satisfaction;（2）self-Knowledge and treatment attitude;（3）the curative effect of rehabilitation,including 5indicators:working treatment,life ability,social ability,pay attention to health ability,care and interest;（4）negative emotions,including 2 indicators:anxiety and depressive symptoms.SPSS22.0 was used to analyze the data,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Among them,test was used to compare the differences of general demographic data between the two groupsc（17）.（2）mann-whitney U rank sum test was used to compare the changes of nursing satisfaction before and after humanistic care intervention.（3）the independent two-sample t test and paired sample t test were used to compare the changes of patients’self-knowledge,treatment attitude,rehabilitation effect and negative emotion score before and after the intervention of nursing humanistic care,so as to analyze the effect of the intervention of nursing humanistic care.ResultsPart Ⅰ:according to the results of literature review,group discussion and patient interview,the alternative item pool of 5 dimensions and 65 items was preliminarily formed.After three rounds of Delphi expert letter consultation,the questionnaire for humanistic care needs of nursing patients with schizophrenia in the rehabilitation period was preliminarily determined to have five dimensions including physiological needs,safety needs,love and belonging needs,self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs,with a total of 42 items.After the preliminary experiment,the language expression of 1item was modified.After items analysis the questionnaire deleted 4 items that did not meet the standards.Exploratory factor analysis extracted five common factors with characteristic values greater than 1,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was74.742%.Three items that did not meet the standard were deleted,and finally a formal questionnaire with 5 dimensions and 35 items was formed.After reliability and validity test,the total Cronbach’s coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.932,the retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.816,and the content validity index of the questionnaire level was 0.911.Part ii:humanistic care needs of nursing for patients with schizophrenia in the convalescence period,from the highest to the lowest,are love and belonging needs（28.07±6.24）,self-actualization needs（27.32±4.97）,self-esteem needs（26.98±4.62）,safety needs（25.94±4.83）,physiological needs（25.39±5.76）,and total score of needs（133.7±15.69）.Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in humanistic care needs of nursing among education level,marital status,primary caregivers,number of hospital stays,years of illness,family attention,and nursing satisfaction（P<0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that:education level,years of illness,number of hospitalizations,family attention,nursing satisfaction are the main influencing factors of humanistic care needs of nursing.Part iii:（1）Nursing satisfaction:the nursing satisfaction of the experimental group increased from 84.6%to 96.2%,with a significant difference（U=857.0,P<0.05）;After intervention,the satisfaction rate of the experimental group was 96.2%higher than that of the control group 86.5%,with a significant difference（U=839.5,P<0.05）.（2）Self-knowledge and treatment attitude:the ITAQ score of the experimental group increased from 8.74±2.69 before intervention to 13.38±2.07 after intervention,with significant difference（P<0.05）;After the intervention,the ITAQ score of the experimental group was 13.38±2.07,which was significantly higher than that of the control group（9.37±2.01,P<0.05）.（3）Rehabilitation efficacy:the scores of working therapy,life ability,social ability,hygienic ability,care and interest in the experimental group were decreased from12.36±2.18、9.87±2.65、8.04±1.96、6.12±1.77、9.25±1.69 before intervention to 8.02±1.94、6.51±1.73、5.15±1.06、3.08±0.57and 6.11±1.38 after intervention,with significant differences（P<0.05）.After the intervention,the scores of work,living ability,social ability,hygienic ability,care and interest in the experimental group were 8.02±1.94、6.51±1.73、5.15±1.06、3.08±0.57and 6.11±1.38,which were significantly lower than those in the control group 11.86±2.54、9.56±1.68、7.63±1.04、5.88±0.49、and 8.73±1.42,with significant differences（P<0.05）.（4）Negative emotions:the SDS and SAS scores of the experimental group decreased from 55.24±5.91 and 51.42±5.46 before intervention to 42.53±4.82 and 38.45±4.38 after intervention,respectively,with significant differences（P<0.05）.After intervention,SDS score 42.53±4.8 and SAS score 38.45±4.38 in the experimental group were significantly lower than SDS score 53.64±5.52 and SAS score 48.29±5.37 in the control group（P<0.05）.Conclusion（1）The questionnaire compiled has good reliability and validity,which can be used to understand the humanistic care needs of patients with schizophrenia in the closed management ward.（2）Patients’demand for humanistic care of nursing is high and diversified,so personalized and standardized nursing measures should be given according to patients’demand to achieve the effect of high-quality nursing.At the same time,nursing staff should strengthen the concept of humanistic care of nursing,truly infiltrate care into daily work,pay attention to the cultivation of humanistic care quality of nursing staff,fully reflect the"patient-centered nursing concept".（3）Nursing intervention measures based on humanistic care needs of nursing can improve patients’nursing satisfaction,self-knowledge and treatment attitude,enhance patients’rehabilitation efficacy,reduce patients’negative emotions,and contribute to patients’recovery. |
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