The Prospective Study On The Association Between Maternal Dietary Pattern And Pregnancy Outcomes

Objective: To recognize dietary patterns of urban pregnant women in central China and discuss the association between dietary pattern and pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A total of 3334 pregnant women in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort(TMCHC)study were included in this analysis.The food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)was conducted during the second trimester to trace the pregnancy outcomes.Dietary patterns were extracted by using principal component analysis(PCA).Analysis of variance was used to discover the sociodemographic characteristics affecting the dietary patterns of pregnant women.Multivariable linear regression model and logistic regression model were conducted to examine the associations between dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes,such as gestational weight gain(GWG),birth weight,large for gestational age(LGA)and small for gestational age(SGA).Results: The average weight gain of pregnant women was 15.9±4.5kg,the average birth weight of newborns was 3338.2±448.5g,and the incidence rates of SGA and LGA were 7.3% and 8.2%,respectively.According to PCA results,five dietary patterns were generated: “beans-vegetables” pattern,“fish-meat-eggs” pattern,“nuts-whole grains-dairy” pattern,“organ-poultry-seafood” pattern and “rice-wheat-fruits” pattern.After adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and dietary factors,those who followed “beans-vegetables” pattern had a significantly lower GWG(?=-0.70,P<0.001)and higher birth weight of neonatal(?=48.79,P=0.003).There was a positive association between GWG and scores of “fish-meat-eggs” pattern,“nuts-whole grains-dairy” pattern and “rice-wheat-fruits” pattern,respectively.For each unit increase in pattern scores,GWG increased by 0.18kg(95% CI: 0.01,0.34),0.23kg(95% CI: 0.07,0.39)and 0.26kg(95% CI: 0.04,0.48),respectively.Furthermore,for each unit increase in “fish-meat-eggs” pattern score,the risk of neonatal LGA increased by 18%.Conclusions: Adherence to “beans-vegetables” pattern during pregnancy contributes to decrease GWG among pregnant women and increase neonatal birth weight;adherence to“fish-meat-eggs” pattern induces an increase in GWG and the risk of neonatal LGA.