| Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of hydroxycitrate on calcium oxalate calculi in SD rats.Methods:1.Thirty-two healthy male SD rats were equally divided into four groups contained 8 rats:group A(hydroxycitrate intervention group),group B(potassium hydrogen citrate granule intervention group),group C(stone group),group D(normal control group).2.Animal models of group A,B and C were established by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg glyoxylic acid(1ml)five times a week for four weeks.At the same time group A was given 1 g/kg hydroxycitrate 2 ml daily by gastric feeding tube,group B was given 1 g/kg potassium sodium citrate 2 ml daily by gastric feeding tube,and group C and group D was given 2 ml deionized water daily by gastric feeding tube.3.The 24-hour urine volume,oxalic acid(Ox)concentration,calcium ion(Ca2+)concentration in urine,urea(Urea),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),calcium(Ca2+),potassium(K)and sodium(Na)in biood,OPN content tissue and SOD activity in kidney tissue were measured.The rat kidneys were stained with HE,and the crystallization and dilatation of renal tubules were observed under polarizing microscope.Observation of mitochondria in glomerular podocytes,basement membrane and tubular epithelial cells by transmission electron microscopyResults:1.24 h urine test results24-hour urinary Ox content:Oxalic acid content in group A was lower than that in group B(p<0.05);Oxalic acid content in group A was lower than that in group C(p<0.05);Oxalic acid content in group A was higher than that in group D(p>0.05).24h urine volume results:there was no significant difference in 24h urine volume between groups(p>0.05).2.Blood index test resultsResults:Serum creatinine level in group A was lower than that in group B,with no significant difference(p>0.05);serum creatinine level in group A was lower than that in group C,with significant difference(p<0.05);serum creatinine level in group A was higher than that in group D,with no significant difference(p>0.05).Results:The serum urea content in group A was lower than that in group B(p<0.05);the serum urea in group A was lower than that in group C(p<0.05);the serum urea in group A was lower than that in group D(p>0.05).3.Pathological section HE staining and crystal scoring resultsSmall amount of calcium oxalate crystals can be seen in the lumen of renal tubules of rats in hydroxycitrate group;scattered calcium oxalate crystals could be seen in the renal tubule lumen of the rats in the potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granule group,and the degree of the dilation of the tubule lumen was lighter than that of the stone group;patches of calcium oxalate crystals could be seen in the renal tubule lumen of the rats in the stone group,and the expansion of the renal tubule lumen was obvious;there were no obvious abnormalities in the renal tubules of the normal control group.4.Electron microscopic observation of ultrastructure and mitochondrial scoring resultsThe hydroxycitrate group had small kidney.The ultrastructure of sphere showed mild pathological changes and the structure of mitochondria was basically normal;the glomerular ultrastructure of the potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granule group had mild to moderate pathological changes,and the mitochondrial structure was basically normal;the glomerular ultrastructure of the stone group had different degrees of pathological changes,podocyte swelling was obvious,some of the foot processes were fused,basement membrane was thickened,mitochondrial ridge breaking,and mitochondrial membrane destruction;there were no obvious abnormalities in the renal tubules of the normal control group.5.Kidney tissue test resultsSOD content in kidney tissue of rats in group A was higher than that in group B(p<0.05);SOD content in kidney tissue of group A was higher than that of group C(p<0.05);SOD content in kidney tissue of group A was higher than that of group D(p>0.05).The content of OPN in kidney tissue of rats in group A was significantly higher than that in group B,but there was no significant difference(p>0.05);the content of OPN in kidney tissue of group A was higher than that of group C,with significant difference(p<0.05);the content of OPN in kidney tissue of group A was lower than that of group D,with no significant difference(p>0.05).Conclusion:1.Hydroxycitrate can effectively inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate stone in SD rats,and the effect is better than that of sodium hydrogen citrate.2.Hydroxycitrate may inhibit the formation of stones and enhance the anti-oxidation effect by enhancing the expression of OPN and SOD,and reduce the damage of renal function. |
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