A Comparative Study On The Prevalence Of Smoking And Nicotine Dependence And Its Relationship With Hypertension Between Jing Po And Han Residents In Rural Areas In Yunnan Province

Objectives:To compare ethnic differences in prevalence of smoking,nicotine dependence and hypertension between Jing Po ethnic and Han majority and analyze the relationship between hypertension and smoking and nicotine dependence in rural areas in Yunnan province.Providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of smoking,nicotine dependence and hypertension for the local department.Methods:This is a cross-sectional survey study.Probability proportion to size sampling method was used to selected a representative sample of 2800 adults aged?35years in rural areas of Yunnan Province,China from 2015-2017.Information on demographic characteristics and smoking habits was obtained using a standard questionnaire.The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was applied to assess nicotine dependence.Blood pressure measurement was recorded for each individual.SPSS 17.0 was used for statistic analysis.Chi-square test was used for count data,t-test was used for measurement data,and rank sum test was used for rank data.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between hypertension and smoking and nicotine dependence.Statistical significance was based on two-tailed p value which less than 0.05,Results:There were 2816 of valid questionnaires.The valid rate of response was 93.87%.The prevalence of current smoking and nicotine dependence were 47.7%and 18.1%for Jing Po ethnic and 30.6%and 14.6%for Han majority.The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 36.9%for Jing Po ethnic and 30.3%for Han majority.Jing Po ethnic had higher prevalence of current smoking,nicotine dependence and hypertension than Han majority(X2=86.782?7.606&13.641,P<0.05).Jing Po ethnic had higher prevalence of current smoking than Han majority in different sex,age,level of education,marriage and level of yearly household income(P<0.05).Female Jing Po ethnic had higher prevalence rate of nicotine dependence than female Han majority(P<0.05).Jing Po smokers almost using filtered cigarettes,chewing tobacco and hand-rolled cigarettes and Han smokers almost using filtered cigarettes,unfiltered cigarettes and hookah/water pipe.The age of smoking initiation and regularly smoking in Jing Po ethnic were lower than Han majority(P<0.01).Jing Po ethnic had higher prevalence of hypertension than Han majority in different sex,age and marriage(P<0.05).Jing Po residents whose level of yearly household income more than 5000 RMB had higher prevalence of hypertension than Han(P=0.04).Multivariate logistic regression analysis regression showed that current smokers in both Jing Po ethnic minority and Han majority had higher risk of hypertension(OR=1.831 and 1.988)than non-smokers(P<0.05).The risk of hypertension increased along with the level of nicotine dependence in Han majority(P<0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of current smoking,nicotine dependence and hypertension were high in both Jing Po ethnic minority and Han majority,Yunnan province,and ethnic differences in prevalence rates of current smoking,nicotine dependence and hypertension do exist in rural Yunnan province.Future intervention measures concerning tobacco education and prevention should be made based on various ethnic minority customs which are helpful to decrease the occurrence of hypertension.