| Objective: Atherosclerosis(AS)is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that involves abnormal immune responses that lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary,cerebrovascular,and peripheral arterial walls.The inflammatory response is accompanied by the whole development of atherosclerosis,and it plays an important role especially in unstable plaques.Anti-inflammatory response,stabilization of the plaque and prevention of rupture are the keys to solving thrombotic diseases.IL-6(Interleukin-6)is one of the key cytokines that promote the differentiation of mouse and human helper T cells 17(TH helper 17).It is generally considered as a typical pro-inflammatory cytokine.IL-11(Interleukin-11)is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family and is closely related to blood system and tumor-related diseases.Recent studies have shown that IL-11 is also associated with cardiovascular disease and is currently known to be involved in acute myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion-mediated heart injury.The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic changes of IL-6,IL-11 and Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in a rabbit abdominal aortic atherosclerosis model by analyzing high-fat diet combined with balloon injury,and to explore its significance.Methods: Eighteen clean male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group(n = 6),an experimental model group(n = 6)and an ultrasonic blasting group(n = 6).After one week of adaptive feeding,In the latter two groups,balloon aortic injury was caused by balloon expansion.The blank control group was given a normal diet(basic feed).The experimental group and the ultrasonic blasting group were given a high-fat diet.The three groups were fed for 12 weeks.Dynamic changes of serum triglyceride(TG),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-11(IL-11)and angiogenic factor(VEGF)were analyzed between the three groups after feeding.After 12 weeks of breeding,the experimental animals were sacrificed and the sclerotic vessels at the site of abdominal aortic injury were examined pathologically.Results:1.Plasma levels of TG and comparison within groups: There were significant differences in triglyceride plasma levels among the three groups.There was no significant difference in plasma triglyceride levels between the experimental model group and the ultrasound blasting group(P> 0.05);the plasma triglyceride levels in the blank control group were significantly lower than the experimental control group(P <0.05);The level was significantly higher than that of the blank control group(P <0.05).2.Plasma levels of IL-6 and comparison within groups: There were significant differences in IL-6 plasma levels among the three groups.Plasma levels of IL-6 in the blank control group and the experimental model group were not significantly different(P> 0.05);IL-6 plasma levels in the ultrasound blasting group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group and the experimental model group(P <0.05).3.Plasma levels of IL-11 and comparison within groups: There were significant differences in IL-11 plasma levels among the three groups.The plasma levels of IL-11 in the blank control group and the experimental model group were not significantly different(P> 0.05);the plasma levels of IL-11 in the ultrasound blasting group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and the experimental model group(P <0.05).4.VEGF plasma levels and comparison within groups: There were significant differences in VEGF plasma levels between the three groups.The VEGF level in the experimental model group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the ultrasonic blasting group(P <0.05);the VEGF level in the blank control group was significantly higher than that in the ultrasonic blasting group(P <0.05).5.The experimental data of IL-6 and IL-11 both meet the normality test.Analysis of the correlation shows that they are negatively correlated(Pearson correlation coefficient-0.846,P<0.001).After further linear regression analysis,it was found that a linear regression model(y =-0.06 x + 0.13,P <0.001)exists between the two,that is,IL-11 decreases with the increase of IL-6.6.Pathological examination: In the experimental model group and the ultrasonic blasting group,the intimal endometrium of the experimental model group and the ultrasonic blasting group were clearly visible under the light microscope at 12 weeks after operation.Part of the endometrium was peeled off,the intimal thickening of the artery was obvious,and new plaques were formed.Inflammatory cells were aggregated,and neovascularization was obvious.The degree of neovascularization in the ultrasonic blasting group was lower than that in the experimental model group.The blank control group had a smooth and complete intima with smooth muscle cell layers arranged neatly.Conclusions:1.The model of rabbit aortic atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet combined with balloon injury has a good effect,and can be used as an alternative model to simulate the process of human atherosclerosis.2.The plasma level of IL-6 in the ultrasound blasting group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the experimental model group,while the plasma level of IL-11 was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the experimental model group.This indicates that the continuous stimulation of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques.IL-11 plays an inflammatory inhibitory role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.This result makes IL-11 a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of early atherosclerotic plaque formation.3.The ultrasound blasting group injected sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles into the veins of experimental animals and used ultrasound to directionally blast the contrast micro vesicles in the new blood vessels in the plaque to destroy the new blood vessels in the vulnerable plaque and promote the rupture of the vulnerable plaque.Therefore,its VEGF plasma level is much lower than the other two groups.Based on the above results,it is shown that VEGF has a close relationship with the number of new blood vessels in vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis,destroys new blood vessels in vulnerable plaques,and has certain treatment and prevention in the early stage of atherosclerotic plaque formation The role can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of early atherosclerosis in clinical work. |
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