Research On The Production Process And Preservation Of Ironware Unearthed From Hanyang Mausoleum

Iron Age is an extremely important era in the history of human development.It marks another leap in the development of social science and technology in ancient China.As an important part of the cultural relics of the Han Dynasty,iron cultural relics are the key physical data for the study of the advanced handicraft industry in the Han Dynasty.Ironware also replaced bronze wares because of its low cost,good performance,and rich mineral resources.However,because iron is much more active than copper,iron is more susceptible to environmental and burial conditions than bronzes and difficult to preserve.The Hanyang Mausoleum is the burial place of Liu Qi and Queen Wang of Hanjingdi.Hanyang Lingnan District has excavated a large number of iron cultural relics from the burial pits,foreign pits,penal burial tombs,funerary burial tombs,and Yangling Nunnery.As an important component of the cultural relics in the Han Dynasty,various iron artifacts unearthed in the Hanyang Tomb have a high historical value and scientific value.However,the number of ironworks unearthed in the Hanyang Tomb is abundant,and the types of ironware unearthed are not optimistic.Therefore,there is an urgent need for comprehensive,systematic,and in-depth research on them.The ironware unearthed from Hanyangling in this paper is divided into two parts,namely the ironware unearthed in the tombs of Hanyang Lingling District in the archaeological exhibition hall of the Hanyang Tomb Museum and the unearthed ironware of the tomb of Hanyang Mausoleum.The modern iron and steel materials unearthed from the Hanyang Mausoleum were analyzed through modern methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,metallographic microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy spectroscopy.The technology provides supplementary information for understanding the development of the history of science and technology in the Han Dynasty.It can also provide a scientific basis for the research on the protection of ironware through the recognition of the preservation environment,materials and techniques,and diseases of the ironware.The results of the study show that the humidity environment in the archaeological exhibition hall of the Hanyang Tomb Museum is not suitable for the preservation of iron,and the temperature and environment need to be regulated.The light and carbon dioxide environment are relatively stable.The material and process of the selected 14 pieces of ironware in the archaeological exhibition hall of the Hanyangling Museum and 19 pieces of iron ware in the Hanyang Mausoleum were studied.Among them,there were pieces of iron forged products,block-forged and carbonized steel forged products,and eutectic white iron.Hemp iron,gray iron,wrought iron,decarburized cast iron,cast iron decarburized steel,fried steel,100 steel and other iron materials.Through the analysis of diseases,88 pieces of ironware exhibited in the archaeological exhibition hall of the Hanyang Tomb Museum contained 9 kinds of diseases including mineralization,hard surface deposits,pitting corrosion,fissures,layered accumulation,microbial damage,fracture,deformation,and incompleteness.The most serious diseases are caused by chemical and surface indurations.Through disease analysis and combining with the existing preservation environment of ironware,at present,some of the existing diseases of ironware are still affected by environmental influences.Therefore,in order to better preserve ironware,the preservation of the environment should be strengthened to achieve the purpose of preventive protection of ironware.