The Study On The Secret Memorials System Of Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty is an important development period of China's Secret Memorials System,The Secret Memorials names and sealing methods have been more innovative on the basis of the predecessors,not only did the new secret names appear: "Shi Feng" and "Mi Feng",but also a new method of sealing was adopted-the "Shi Feng method”.The "Shi Feng method" needs to go through three links: Feng Shu,folded corners and resealed,use stamp or writing names.It has greater confidentiality and is a major improvement over previous generations of closed packaging methods.The contents of the Secret Memorials of the Song Dynasty were varied,involving military secrets,talented people's recommendations,astronomy and disasters.Based on the specific content,it can be roughly divided into five types: impeachment,recommendation,recommendation,answering and reporting.It is an important means for the monarch to communicate with people and people participate in national politics in the Song Dynasty.Although there were no special writing styles in the Secret Memorials writing of the Song Dynasty,some fixed writing structures had been formed.General Secret Memorials usually include three parts:the beginning,the narrative and the end.If the words are not exhaustive,you can add " Tie Huang" after the articles;in response to the Secret Memorials of the emperor's imperial edict,you usually quote the emperor's imperial edict at the beginning or in the middle to show respect.In Secret Memorials writing content,in order to make the Secret Memorials and the monarch's expectation more consistent,the rulers of the Song Dynasty,when seeking Secret Memorials through disasters,will often explain matters in the imperial edict to guide the people's writing content.The Secret Memorials transmission channels in the Song Dynasty were different because of the differences in the identity and geographical location of the squatters.Capital officials Secret Memorials can pass the Yu Yao Yuan,Nei Dong Men Si,Deng Wen Gu Yuan,Deng Wen Jian Yuan and other institutions according to their official grades,or Passed by the prime ministers and royal clan;the Secret Memorials of the capital's civilians were presented on the Deng Wen Gu Yuan and the Deng Wen Jian Yuan ";the Secret Memorials of the local officials could be selected in the " Di Pu " in the area,through Zou Ma Cheng Shou or sent the servants to pass on the Secret Memorials.If the emperor had special permission,the local civilians could follow the rules and go to the "Di Pu " with the local officials.In the ordinary times,the civilians were closed through the " Di Pu " and passed through close channels.Only those who went to the capital could pass through the Deng Wen Gu Yuan and the Deng Wen Jian Yuan.In the Song Dynasty,officials and institutions were set up for the first time to assist the emperor in handling the Secret Memorials.The Feng Shi Kan Xiang official is usually composed of “Liang Zhi " and “Guan Ge”.The emperor is directly appointed in the form of an official script.The Feng Shi Kan Xiang official responsible for reading and selecting valuable Secret Memorials.Then he uses yellow paper to extract points and send them to the emperor.The Feng Shi Kan Xiang organization is directly designated by the emperor.The Feng Shi Kan Xiang organization was mainly appointed by the Guan Ge,She Ren yuan,San Sheng,Privy Council and Hou Sheng.The Feng Shi Kan Xiang officials and institutions has a significant impact on the traditional Secret Memorials treatment process.As a whole,the Secret Memorials were usually reviewed and dealt with directly by the emperor before the emperor Song-zhen.In the Fourth year of Xianping,the Feng Shi Kan Xiang official were set up.The the traditional Secret Memorials treatment process needs to go through three links: selection,the emperor reviewed again,and the relevant agencies negotiated and implemented.In the Thirty-two years of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty,this system was still implemented.After the emperor Song-xiao,the Feng Shi Kan Xiang official was no longer set up.Instead,he designated certain organizations to handling the Secret Memorials.Whether or not it had been read by the emperor prior to submission to the Feng Shi Kan Xiang organization.It can be divided into two categories : The first is the emperor reading,the Feng Shi Kan Xiang organization reading and selection,three provinces deliberations.the Feng Shi Kan Xiang organization reading and selection,the emperor to review again,handed over to the three provinces.The emperor has always been in a dominant position in the handling of the Secret Memorials,not only the planners of the entire process,but also the participants and supervisors of the Secret Memorials handling.In order to ensure the confidentiality of secret content,Song Ting rewarded and used,on the one hand,formulate laws and regulations,severely punish the secret disclosure behavior;on the other hand,encourage and reward those who dare to complain.In the process of confidentiality and lawlessness,the monarch and his officials also consciously take some confidential measures.These measures provided an important guarantee for the confidentiality of secret content in the Northern Song and Southern Song dynasties.However,since the emperor Song-zhe,especially during the period of the emperor Song-ning and the emperor Song-li,with the Song government's lax effort in implementing the secrecy regulations,And the prime minister's interference and destruction of the Secret Memorials operation process,leaking incidents often occurred.The operation of the Secret Memorials system in the Song Dynasty played an important role in strengthening the power of the monarchy,assisting the decision of the monarchy,perfecting the supervision system and so on.It realized the supervision of the supervisory officials themselves,supplemented the original supervision system of the Song Dynasty,and promoted the social identity of the Song Dynasty.As an important part of the ancient Chinese Secret Memorials system,the "Shi Feng method" in the Song Dynasty and the local dense and sparse transmission system were still used in the three dynasties of the yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,which had a direct and continuous influence on the further development of the later generations.