Logophoricity And Empathy: A Study On Chinese Long-distance Reflexive Ziji

Since Chomsky(1981)proposes the Government and Binding Theory,linguists have done many researches and studies on the nature and characteristics of Chinese reflexiveziji.The studies on long-distance reflexive ziji have aroused great attention of the linguists.As Chinese long-distance reflexive(LDR)ziji can be bound outside its local domain,therefore it is the violation of the principle A of the Binding theory.According to Principle A,anaphor must be bound within its local domain.In previous studies,studies on long-distance reflexive ziji are mainly syntactic studies and non-syntactic studies.Researchers generalize the use of the long-distance ziji as logophoric use.While Oshima(2006,2007)differentiates the two notions of logophoricity and empathy,and proposes that the use of long-distance reflexive ziji can be categorized as logophoric use and empathic use.Based on Oshima's(2006,2007)differentiation between logophoricity and empathy,the present thesis employs Kuno's(1 987)theory of linguistic empathy and Sells's(1987)theory of logophoricity to explore the logophoric use and empathic use of long-distance reflexive ziji.The present thesis mainly adopts corpus-driven method to make an analysis of the use of long-distance reflexive ziji in concrete discoursal context,and to interpret some properties of long-distance reflexive ziji,such as subject orientation,blocking effect,as well as de se reading.The notion of logophoricity and empathy are different and can not be compounded together in the interpretation of the nature of long-distance ziji.The major findings of the present thesis are as follows:long-distance reflexive ziji has empathic use in discourse environments with logophoric predicates,therefore reflexive ziji in sentences with external speaker and internal speaker are of empathic use.Meanwhile,the sentences with internal speaker also has the logophoric use as source and self are also achieved by the internal speaker.While in sentences with null subject,reflexive ziji is of no empathic use and no logophoric use,as it can not induce blocking effect without frst or second person pronoun,neither does it have the de se reading of the first person pronoun.In sentences with different person pronouns,long-distance reflexive ziji displays different properties.In sentences with premodifier lai and qu,the use of reflexive ziji is also different,as there is a certain communicative goal for the speaker or experiencer to achieve in a purpose clause.In sentences with premodifier lai,the reflexive ziji is of both logophoric use and empathic use,as ziji is interpreted as obligatory de se reading;while in sentences with premodifier qu,the reflexive ziji is of de re reading,therefore,it is only of logophoric use and has no empathic use.