Grammaticalization Of Three Passive Markers In Huayuan Dialect Of Southwest Mandarin "Wait" "Suffer" And "Invite"

Huayuan county is in the southwestern of Xiang Xi autonomous region.The research on Hua Yuan Dialects is rare,especially in syntactic domain.In this article,we are talking about grammaticalization of three passive markers in Huayuan Dialect.The main body of this article is made up of five chapters.In chapter one,we will have an brief introduction of the location,population and language condition of Huayuan county first;then we will talk about the main resource of our corpus;after that is the status and meaning of our research;finally,we will have a quick look at the methods and thinking of our research.In chapter two,we will give a comparison of these passive markers in Hua Yuan dialects from areal distribution,coexistence situation and contributing factors.In chapter three,we are talking about grammaticalization of deng "wait".We can use deng "wait"as a verb,which means "wait" in Hua Yuan Dialects.And what's more,it can also express causitive and even passive meanings in Hua Yuan Dialects.In this process,deng is changing from a notional word to a functional word.In chapter four,we are talking about grammaticalization of zao "suffer",We can use zao as a verb which means "suffer" or "cost" in Huayuan dialects.The passive meanning of zao is derived from "suffering".In this process,zao is converting from a notional word to a functional word.In chapter five,we are talking about grammaticalization of qing "invite".When qing is used as a notional word.it means "ask sb.for help" or "invite or employ" or "treat" or "show one's respect to sb.else" and "show one's honor to supernatural beings".And by abstracting it's lexical meaning and specializing it's syntactic function,qing becomes a functional word which conveys passive meaning.In Huayuan dialect,the degree of grammaticalization of zao is the highest,while that of qing is the lowest.The semantic divisions of the three are still in the development,which deserves our further study.All in all,the three words in Huayuan dialect vary from the passive markers in Mandarin.Their development are exlusive and special in dialects.