| In recent years,the pace of development of the tourism industry is obvious to all.According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization(UNWTO),as of the end of 2016,the number of international tourist arrivals has achieved a continuous increase of seven years,and the growth prospects are optimistic.This shows that tourism has great potential for development.People are also willing to choose to travel to release their pressure and open their minds.Tourism advertisement is an important way for people to obtain travel destination information,and previous studies have also shown a positive relationship between tourism advertising and the demand for travel products as well as economic benefits.Therefore,it is of significance to the tourism industry to write good tourism advertisements.Metadiscourse is the linguistic resource that the writer uses to express his point of view and position,interact with the reader and affect the reader's understanding of the discourse.Persuasive texts such as tourism advertisements have an integrating point with metadiscourse.However,in previous studies,few people analyze the characteristics of tourism advertisement texts based on metadiscourse.Therefore,under the framework of metadiscourse proposed by Hyland,this thesis analyzes the use of interactional metadiscourse in American tourism advertisement texts and explores its persuasive function under the model of classical rhetoric persuasion.This thesis collects advertisement texts of the top 50 tourist attractions in the United States from official websites and world-renowned travel agency websites.Based on these 50 advertisement texts,a relatively small corpus is established.With the help of Ant Conc 4.3.3,the frequency and distribution of interactional metadiscourse are quantitatively analyzed.The application situations and the persuasive function of interactional metadiscourse are analyzed qualitatively with specific examples.The results show that:(1)The two features,i.e.stance features and engagement features,together with nine subcategories,i.e.hedges,boosters,attitude markers,selfmentions,reader pronouns,directives,questions,shared knowledge,and personal asides of interactional metadiscourse are all found applied in American tourism advertisement texts.(2)In terms of the frequency,the stance features(54.1%)is slightly more than the engagement features(45.9%)in terms of the overall distribution.Taking the perspective of each subcategory,directives(21.1%)and reader pronouns(20.4%)rank the first,hedges(16.1%)and boosters(15.7%)rank the second,and attitude markers(11%)and personal asides(9%)rank the third,while self-mentions(3.1%),shared knowledge(1.9%),and questions(1.7%)rank in the last place.(3)In terms of persuasive function,the three aspects of classic rhetorical persuasion model,namely pathos,ethos and logos are all involved,of which pathos is the main aspect in tourism advertisement texts.When linking interactional metadiscourse with three means of persuasion,attitude markers,directives and questions are used to fulfill affective appeals;hedges,booster,self-mentions and shared knowledge are used to achieve credible appeals;while personal asides are used to achieve rational appeals.Finally,this thesis provides some suggestions for the use of interactional metadiscourse in the writing of tourism advertisement texts.Firstly,directives and reader pronouns are suggested to be more used,especially reader pronouns.Secondly,it is suggested that boosters and hedges should be used in balanced proportions.Thirdly,positive attitude markers can be used to arouse readers' sympathy.Fourthly,personal asides,self-mentions,questions,and shared knowledge can be used less than other interactional metadiscourse.It is hoped that these suggestions will,to some extent,enhance the metadiscourse awareness of travel advertising creators. |
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