The Research On Ornamentations Of Buddha Statuesin Longxing Temple Of Northern Dynasties Qingzhou

In the southern and northern dynasties,Shandong Qingzhou Region enjoyed a prominent political position and convenient transportation and it was also an important region for Buddhist activities.Longxing Temple was built in Liusong period of Southern Dynasties and it got great development in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty.While Longxing Temple achieved its heyday situation in the Northern Qi Dynasty.In 1996,the staff of Shandong Qingzhou City Museum discovered a large-scale Buddhism cellar pit in the site of Longxing Temple,over 400 states in total.This discovery brought about the fashion of researching the statues in Qingzhou City.The current studies focus on the style evolution and the sources of Buddha statues and Bodhisattva and some preliminary studies are done on the ornamentations of Qingzhou statues.However,the previous scholars usually discuss it in the systematic study of certain ornamentation and there is lack of studies on the holistic analysis and style traceability of Qingzhou statues' back screen ornamentations.The study of this paper is based on how to solve the above problem.The paper takes the ornamentations on the back screen of the statues in Longxing Temple of Qingzhou City as the research point and analyzes the kinds,styles and sources of the statues one by one.Then it makes a contrast between the ornamentations.in Qingzhou City and the contemporaneous ornamentations in other areas to make a deeper discussion on cultural exchange between Qingzhou and other areas in the Wei-Jin period.The paper is composed of seven parts.The first part is introduction and it mainly reviews the significance and purpose of the topic,research status,research theoretical basis and methods,etc.The second part is the overview of southern and Northern Dynasties Qingzhou.The development of Buddhism in Qingzhou area is roughly the same as that of the central plains,and it has achieved initial prosperity in the north.At that time,the cultural exchanges between Qingzhou and Henan and Hebei provinces were close,and cultural links existed in the south and South Asia,Central Asia and Western Asia.The third part to the sixth part is the main body of the paper and it respectively studies the ornamentations on the statues' back screen,including dragon splitting lotus ornamentation,pagoda ornamentation,joint pearls ornamentation,honey suckle ornamentation,flying apsaras ornamentation,etc.The studies are mainly involved in the classifications of the shape and structure of the back screen ornamentations,the traceability of style sources as well as the analysis on the implied meanings.The seventh part is the conclusion.Pagada ornamentation,mainly decorated on the back screen,take the style of tower which has one layer of floor.Dragon splitting lotus ornamentation and pagoda ornamentation should be related to the Maitreya worship.Joint pearls ornamentation and honey suckle ornamentation were influenced by cultural factors in Central Asia and West Asia,design patterns of them in Qingzhou differed from other regions.The posture and decoration of flying apsaras ornamentation in Qinghzou vary,It combines the feature of flying apsaras ornamentation in the Southern and Hebei provinces.This paper is aimed at using the research methods of typomorphology,iconography,archaeology and philology to conduct a classification study of the tiny ornamentations on the back screens of Qingzhou Statues.Through the studies,we can know about the relationship between Qingzhou and Central Plains as well as overseas areas in terms of Buddhist art and have an understanding of the cultural implication behind Qingzhou style.