The Struggle Of The American Jews Against Sunday Closing Laws,1959-1965

Since the British colonial period in North America,American Jews have been plagued by Sunday Closing Laws.The author explores the struggle of American Jews for religious freedom by analyzing the struggle of American Jews against the state’s Sunday Closing Laws from 1959 to 1965,and then explores the relationship between American Jews and American society.This article is divided into five parts.The first part introduces the introduction of the Sunday laws of the American states and the opposition of the Jews.The Sunday Closing Laws exists in the British North American colonies and the states after the founding of the United States.It is a religious decree designed to promote Christian worship on Sunday.The reason the Jews opposed the Sunday law was that the Sunday laws forced the Jews who kept the Sabbath on Saturday to choose between religion and livelihood.The early attempts of the Jewish opposition to the Sunday laws in the 19 th century had little effect,but by the 1950 s,the Federal Supreme Court applied religious support to the support of the states,the Americans’ concern for citizenship under the influence of the civil rights movement,the growing Jewish immigration and the growth of the Jewish organizations have spurred the United States to reach a peak in the controversy surrounding the constitutionality of the state’s Sunday laws.The second part focuses on the 1959 American Jews filed a lawsuit with the Federal Supreme Court,arguing that the state’s Sunday laws violated the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment.The Jews engaged in the constitutionality of the Sunday laws and the Federal Supreme Court.However,the Federal Supreme Court ruled that it was a secular decree in accordance with the Sunday laws.In 1961,it was determined that the Sunday laws was constitutional and the Jews lost the case.The ruling caused widespread controversy in American society,which divided the attitude of American society on Sunday laws into two factions: support and opposition.The third part explores the Jewish struggle against Sunday laws in the United States from 1961 to 1965 by supporting Sabbatarians(that is,those who observe the Sabbath on another day other than Sunday)to receive unemployment benefits,seeking to keep Sabbatarians as exemptions and promoting states to abolish Sunday laws.Marked by the introduction of the 1965 New York State Fair Sabbath Act,the Jewish struggle against the Sunday laws achieved a staged victory.The fourth part evaluates the struggle of American Jews against Sunday Closing Laws.This struggle was based on religious reasons and was characterized by continuity,moderation and tortuosity,and was influenced by the judgment of the Federal Supreme Court.The struggle reflects the concern of the Federal Supreme Court Justice on the civil rights and criminal defendant rights cases under the influence of the civil rights movement,indicating the protection of individual religious freedom by the Federal Supreme Court Justice.The conclusion summarizes the full text.Sunday laws are religious decrees.Jewish people achieved a staged victory in 1965 under the unremitting efforts of American Jews,the support of the Federal Supreme Court for exemption clauses,and the defection of some Christians and Catholics.Finally,the paper concludes that the spirit of inter-religious cooperation is crucial for the peaceful resolution of religious issues.