| It have been a long time that developmental dyslexia was recast as a language disorder,a failure to acquire phonological skills,however,many experiments found the fact that many dyslexics appear to have no speech or language problems at all.Over the past decades,inconsistent findings were reported on the oculomotor deficit in children with developmental dyslexia.An in-depth study on the eye movement behaviors of children with developmental dyslexia under various eye movement tasks can have a better understanding about the potential cognitive deficits of developmental dyslexia,such as vision,attention and program learning.It's different from phonetic writing,Chinese characters have complex visual font structure and distinct frame structure,thus the visual-spatial attention plays a very important role in Chinese reading.Do Chinese children with developmental dyslexic have the same deficits as those whose mother language were English? Is the visual-spatial attention affected by language specificity? All need to be explored in future.But,the research results of the visual-spatial attention deficit of children with Chinese developmental dyslexia were different.This paper aims to compare the visual-spatial attention's difference between Chinese children with and without developmental dyslexia by using the predictive saccades task,antisaccades task and visually guided saccades task.Experiment 1 is the predictive saccades task,experiment 2 is the antisaccades task,and the visually guided saccades task is chosen as experiment 3.All the participants are from a local primary school.The experiments included 47 children,22 diagnosed with developmental dyslexia(age M = 130.27,SD = 11.82)and 25 development typical children(age M = 125.08,SD = 9.26),matched by age,gender and school grade.The experimental materials for the two experiments included a black center cross(10 mm in diameter)and two solid circles(5 mm in diameter)of different colors,one red and one black.The solid circles as the target stimulus varied randomly in 5°,10°and 15° from the center point in all experiments.Using Tobii 120 eye tracker to record the two groups'(developmental dyslexia group,as DD;chronological age control group,as CA)eye movements during the experiments.Experiment 1 finds that compared with the chronological age control group,the developmental dyslexia group had fewer predictive saccades,more regular and error-late saccades,and a longer overall saccades latency.Experiment 2 finds that the children in DD group have lower correct rate of antisaccades and longer overall saccades latency than CA.In addition,in the DD group,the correct antisaccades rate is higher in the left visual field than in the right visual field.Experiment 3 finds that the overall latency between the two groups of children was relatively small,but the latency difference is obvious in each visual stimulus location.Both of them show that the larger the visual angle of the stimulus,the longer the latency,and the children in DD did not show significant lateral visual field advantage.The three experimental paradigms used in this study are all classical and accepted by most researchers.Therefore,the experimental results are scientific and reliable.By using the graphic materials can avoid the influence of language factors on the two groups,and make the comparison results more reliable,therefore it can also be extended to children with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds.Predictive saccades task is selected to eliminate the effect of working memory on children with developmental dyslexia(the effect of working memory on children with developmental dyslexia has been reported in the literature before).In this study,three types of saccades tasks are used to compare the visual-spatial attention ability of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia from the perspective of implicit and explicit attention,and according to the results,our findings support the visual-spatial attention deficit on developmental dyslexia. |
PDF Full Text Request