Researches On The Staging Of Koguryo Tombs In The Period From The Sixteen Kingdoms To The Northern Dynasties In China

This paper takes 147 Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty in China as the research object.Through the typological analysis of the shape and structure of the tombs and the burial objects,and the comparison of some of the Sanyan-style harnesses,belt tools,and adornments with those of the same kind of Sanyan remains,the time frame of Goguryeo tombs was set up.On this basis,the periodical characteristics of the shape and structure of the tombs and the burial objects were summarized,and then analyze the cultural factors,so we can know the Cultural composition and the dynamic development process of the Goguryeo tombs in different periods.The paper is divided into seven chapters.Chapter One is the introduction.First introduce the history of Goguryeo from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty,summarize the main viewpoints,the present research situation about the periodization study of Chinese scholars on the research of Goguryeo tombs,pottery and harness.Then introduce the research methods and ideas of this paper.Chapter Two is the typological analysis of the shape and structure of the tombs.According to the internal and external structure of the tombs,the Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty were divided into three categories: the stonehenge-hollow tombs,the stonehenge-chamber tombs,and the tumular-chamber tombs.The stonehenge-hollow tombs are classified according to the external structure,and then the typological analysis is carried out according to the difference of the existence and the location of the tomb passage.While the stonehenge-chamber tombs and the tumular-chamber tombs are just classified according to the internal structure,then the typological analysis is carried out according to the differences in the location of the tomb passage,the shape of the chamber and the existence of ear chamber.Chapter Three is the typological analysis of buried pottery.There is not much buried pottery in this period,among which much are made of clay,few contain sand or glazed.In addition,the differences on shape between these textures are not that obvious.So the typological analysis is only according to the shape.There are 11 types of pottery analyzed in this chapter,such as kettles,jars,basins,bowls,plates,retorts,cauldrons,stoves,bottles,censers,and horizontal ear urns.Chapter Four is the typological analysis and the age of harnesses,belt tools,and adornments.In the Goguryeo tombs from the the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty,many harnesses,belt tools,and adornments have obvious relationship with the Sanyan culture in Western-Liaoning Area.The stage characteristics of these artifacts are extremely clear.Therefore,the typological analysis of these artifacts is carried out first,and then compared with the similar artifacts unearthed from the tombs of the Sanyan tombs in Western-Liaoning Area,to determine the stage of each type of artifacts,and then to determine the stage of the tombs.Chapter Five is the periodization and chronological analysis.The tombs that can be used in the Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty mainly include three aspects.The first one is the tombs that contained the Sanyan objects,and the second one is the tombs which did not contain Sanyan objects,but had the same characteristics on the shape and structure of the tombs and other burial objects.The third one is the tombs of artifacts that have a clear dating basis or with obvious chronological features.Relying on the judgment of the age of these tombs,the age frame of the Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty was established.According to the shape of the tombs and the characteristics of the burial artifacts,the Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty in China were divided into three periods.And then summarized the stage characteristics and evolution of the tombs and burial objects in each period.Chapter Six is the cultural factor analysis.According to the comparison with different cultures in the surrounding areas,the cultural factors that can be identified in the Goguryeo tombs from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Northern Dynasty in China include the cultural factors of Goguryeo,the cultural factors of the Sanyan in Western-Liaoning Area,the cultural factors of Eestern-Liaoning Area,the cultural factors of Lelang,the cultural factors of Shandong and Northern-Jiangsu Area,the culture factors of Han,the cultural factors of the Northern Dynasties and the Buddhism.Chapter Seven is the conclusion.Summarize the main acquisition of the paper.