Study Of Receiving Jewish Refugees In Australia(1945-1954)

Historically,Australia has received Jewish refugees many times.After the end of World War II,Jewish refugees were in a difficult situation.A large number of Jewish refugees lived in camps with poor environment and could not be properly resettled.Australia is sparsely populated and receiving immigrants has always been an important measure to safeguard national security and social development.After the end of World War II,Australia launched a plan for large-scale immigration.However,due to limited shipping,the plan to receive immigrants from the UK was not implemented in time.At the same time,Jewish groups actively asked the government to accept Jewish refugees.Overall,Australia's acceptance of Jewish refugees after World War II has a dual background of history and reality.After World War II,Australia's acceptance of Jewish refugees can be basically divided into three stages.In the first phase,just after the end of World War II,Australia launched a “Humanitarian Immigration Plan” for Jewish refugees,during which Jewish refugees became the mainstay of Australian immigrants.However,because the Jewish refugees did not comply with the “White Australia Policy”,the “Humanitarian Immigration Program” was strongly criticized by some members of the Parliament,the Veterans' Association and some media.In the second phase,the Australian government was under pressure to impose quota restrictions on Jewish refugees entering Australia.The quota limit was once quite strict,and the Australian Jewish community made unremitting efforts to this end,and finally reached a “gentleman agreement” with the government to relax restrictions.However,this agreement did not last long.The Australian government banned Jewish refugees from the "Iron Curtains" from entering Australia on the grounds of national security.Australia's restrictions on Jewish refugees reached its peak.In the third stage,in the context of the large number of immigrants from other countries entering Australia and the reduction of Jewish terrorist activities caused by the founding of Israel,the resistance of the Australian society to Jewish refugees gradually weakened after World War II,and the government's restrictions on Jewish refugees were gradually abolished.Jewish refugees face difficulties in their work and life after arriving in Australia,but most of them enjoy a democratic and free life in Australia.Due to the different enthusiasm of the Jewish communities to receive refugees,there were some differences in the distribution of Jewish refugees in Australia after World War II.About 60% of Jewish refugees settled in Melbourne and about 40% of Jewish refugees settled in Sydney.Melbourne has surpassed Sydney to become Australia's largest Jewish agglomeration.In terms of career choices,Jewish refugees have continued the professional model of traditional Jewish society.They have not only achieved outstanding achievements in the fields of commerce,handicrafts,doctors and lawyers,but also in the fields of music,sculpture,drama and literature.Jewish refugees have had a profound impact on the Australian Jewish community.The influx of Jewish refugees has promoted the democratization movement of the Jewish community in Australia,and they have waged an unremitting struggle for the realization of their rights of representation and universal suffrage.The arrival of Jewish refugees also promoted the development of the religious life of the Jewish community.On the one hand,the number of various synagogues has increased,and on the other hand,extreme orthodoxy and liberals have been strengthened in the Jewish community.The arrival of Jewish refugees also strengthened the national consciousness of Australian Jews.In order to further promote the next generation of national identity and Jewish consciousness,Jewish education represented by the "Jewish Day School" was developed in the Jewish community of Australia.