Research On The Orthotopic Phenomenon Of Architectural Remains In Prehistoric Xia And Shang Dynasties

The upright position is a phenomenon in which large buildings are planned during construction to give them a certain direction.It sprouted during the Yangshao culture period,formed in the Longshan culture period,and developed after the Xia and Shang period.Archaeological finds a large number of prehistoric Xia and Shang period architectural relics,laying a solid foundation for the study of orthotopic phenomena during this period.Based on the archaeological findings,combined with the research results of philology,geography,and astronomy,based on the collection of the prehistoric Xia and Shang dynasties' architectural heritage systems,the buildings with orthotopic phenomena are identified and classified.To explore its stages,analyze the causes and purposes of its emergence,and the spiritual ideas and religious consciousness behind it.The full text is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.First,define the related concepts such as "prehistoric Xia Shang","architectural relics",and "orthotopic phenomena",and analyze the research history and status quo of academic research on orthotopic phenomena,and put forward the purpose,significance and research methods of this article..The second chapter is the discovery and confirmation of the orthotopic phenomenon in the architectural remains.A systematic analysis of the direction of some large-scale settlement sites and tombs in the prehistoric Xia and Shang dynasties.It is believed that most buildings are not set in a random and disorderly direction,but have a certain directionality,that is,the prehistoric Xia and Shang dynasties have a common phenomenon of orthogonality..The third chapter is the classification of orthotopic phenomena.According to the reference object,it can be divided into two categories: the natural object and the subjective consciousness.Among them,the alignment of natural objects can be divided into two categories: the sun and the terrain of mountains and rivers,and the alignment of subjective consciousness can also be divided into two categories: respectfor orientation and the concept of power.The natural law of the sun's recurring movement provided the ancestors with an initial view of the direction.The ancestors intended to make the direction of the sun's movement when building the building.The terrain of mountains and rivers greatly affects the distribution of buildings.The ancestors had to cater to the terrain in the construction of the buildings to obtain sufficient living space.Under the subjective consciousness,the orthotopic phenomenon broke through the original basic meaning,and was given a spiritual expression,respecting the direction and the concept of power.Respecting a certain direction makes this group stand out in the building's orientation in the direction of consistency.Under the influence of the concept of power,some objective objects representing power are like a light spot,making the buildings in this settlement face this place.The fourth chapter is the phase division of the orthotopic phenomenon.It can be roughly divided into three major stages: the Yangshao Cultural Period,the Longshan Cultural Period,the Xia and Shang Period and beyond.The Yangshao cultural period is a germination period,and the number of buildings with an orthotopic phenomenon is small and has not yet prevailed.The formation of the orthotopic phenomenon during the Longshan cultural period is manifested in three aspects: first,the use of a wide range;second,the accuracy of the direction is improved;three There is an increase in penetration.The orthotopic phenomenon in the Xia and Shang dynasties was developed,manifested in three aspects,such as stricter requirements on the direction,rising to the spiritual level,and being valued by rulers.The fifth chapter analyzes the cause and purpose of the orthotopic phenomenon.It is believed that the causes of the orthotopic phenomenon include objective factors and subjective factors.The harsh natural environment and harsh living conditions on objective factors drove the ancestors to choose the location of the residence and determine the direction;the lack of scientific knowledge on subjective factors,the worship of natural things,and not forgetting the ancestors also promoted the phenomenon of the development of.The purpose of the orthotopic phenomenon can be divided into two aspects: material life and spiritual life.In the material life,theorthotopic phenomenon can optimize the living conditions and improve the safety factor of the settlement;in the spiritual life,the orthotopic phenomenon can comfort the feared soul and respect the ancestors.Chapter VI is the conclusion.Summarize the main points of the full text.