Study On Polysemy In Shang Han Lun From The Perspective Of Prototype Category Theory

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Zhang Zhongjing,a famous doctor,made a systematic summary of the medical achievements before the Han Dynasty,Combined with his own medical practice,he wrote the famous book Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Febrile Diseases).The book contains medical theory,method,prescription and medicine,laying the theoretical foundation of treatment based on syndrome differentiation.The book is known as the "originator of classical prescriptions" and Zhang Zhongjing is also honored as "medical saint".As one of the four classics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Shang Han Lun recorded 398 articles and 113 classical prescriptions which has consistently used by clinical doctors of all dynasties.It has become a must-read work for doctors.The book has profound and accurate medical theory with a concise writing style.Readers often explore its deep contonation and obtain information through articles comparison.The polysemy makes it difficult to understand the article accurately,and it becomes the key and difficult point in the translation of Shang Han Lun.By connecting the category of new cognition with the known category,prototype category theory can speed up the understanding of new things,achieve the maximum cognitive effect with the smallest cognitive effort,and clarify the causes and development patterns of polysemy from the cognitive perspective.The process of translation is the process of cognition,the process of seeking for category equivalence between source language and target language.Prototype category theory gets rid of the dualistic thinking mode in traditional translation studies,and puts translation in a more dynamic and balanced view of development,which injects new vitality into the development and application of translation theory.This thesis takes the polysemy in Shang Han Lun as the research object.By manually collecting the polysemous words,dividing them into radiation type polysemy and concatenation type polysemy according to the derivation mode,the paper lists all meanings of polysemy in Shang Han Lun and gives examples respectively.Translation versions of Nigel Wiseman and of Luo Xiwen were collected and translation strategies of polysemy were compared.Through the data analysis of translation methods,this paper summarizes the characteristics of polysemy translation in the two versions.Nigel Wiseman mainly uses literal translation method,which is source-oriented;Luo Xiwen mainly uses literal translation and free translation,and many translation strategies coexist,whose main focus is to express meaning.Prototype category theory provides guidance for the translation of polysemy in Shang Han Lun.Translators need to adopt literal translation,part of speech conversion,free translation,borrowing western medicine vocabulary,transliteration,ellipsis and other translation methods to complete the translation conversion from the source category to the target category by equivalent substitution,dislocation conversion or vacancy transplantation.There are a lot of polysemy in Shang Han Lun.Prototype category theory provides theoretical guidance for the cognitive analysis and translation of polysemy,provides new perspectives and new ideas for the translation of TCM classics,and is conducive to the further development of TCM international communication.