Trauma And Recovery Of The Characters In For Whom The Bell Tolls

Ernest Miller Hemingway is an outstanding writer in the history of world literature.His novel For Whom the Bell Tolls has been widely studied by Chinese and foreign scholars,mostly from the perspectives of "code hero," language style and narrative skills.This thesis explores the physical and psychological traumatic experiences of the main characters and their ways of recovery.Incorporating the trauma theory with the specific historical conditions of the Spanish Civil War,this thesis sets out to analyze the traumatic experience of four main characters,including the causes of their traumas and their recovery from the traumatic impact.This study finds that emotional entanglements in traumatic memories and the great pain caused by war are the main causes of trauma.This thesis also finds that reconstruction of traumatic memories and reconstruction of their relationship with others are the ways to recover from trauma for the main characters.The analysis of For Whom the Bell Tolls from the perspective of trauma theory not only helps readers with a deeper understanding of the physical and mental damage caused by war to individuals,but also provides them with inspiration and reference from the recovery of characters in the novel.This thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which briefly introduces Hemingway and his work For Whom the Bell Tolls,as well as the research background and significance of the present research.The second chapter consists of two parts,with one part centering on the literature review of Hemingway and For Whom the Bell Tolls at home and abroad,and the other part discussing the theory of trauma and its application in literature.The third chapter analyzes the traumatic experience and their causes of the four main characters,namely,Jordan,Maria,Anselmo and Pilar.The fourth chapter focuses on their way of recovery from trauma,mainly from the aspects of reconstruction of traumatic stories and interpersonal relations.The fifth chapter is the conclusion.