A Study On The Cemetery Burial System In The State Of Ba

Since the Ba cemetery was discovered in Dahekou village,Yicheng,Shanxi Province in 2007,the Institute of Archaeology of Shanxi Province has carried out archaeological excavation of this cemetery.The Ba cemetery has the features of high specification of burials,obvious difference of grade,and varied kinds of funerals,which provide important materials for the study of the funeral system of Ba funeral or even the vassal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty,as well as the relationship between the Zhou Dynasty and the state.Based on the data from archaeological excavation and references,this dissertation discusses the burial system of the state of Ba cemetery and its related problems firstly.Through a compare with other cemetery systems of Princes of Ji family and non Ji family in the Western Zhou Dynasty,the characteristics of the state of Ba burial system are summarized reasonably,all of which are helpful to study the funeral system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.Based on the systematic analysis of Baguo cemetery,the research results are shown as follows:The concept of the cemetery location of Ba is the same as the Western Zhou Dynasty family.The arrangement of the Ba cemetery is similar to the state of ying cemetery sited in Pingdingshan,which is also buried from south to north.The state of Ba cemetery characteristics of ethnic tombs are obvious.The specifications of the state of Ba cemetery can be divided into three levels.The high-level tombs are richer than the low-level tombs.The direction of tombs are mostly to the west,which is obviously different from the Western Zhou tombs.This phenomenon should be closely related to the ethnic and social concepts of the state of Ba.The highest standard of coffin system in the state of Ba cemetery is one coffin and two coffins,which is not consistent with the records in literature.The reason is that the literature was written late,and the later generations of etiquette scholars processed and sorted out the popular etiquette system in the society,deliberately highlighted the hierarchical content,and idealized the etiquette system.On the issue of tomb path,there is no tomb path in the state of Ba cemetery.The reason may be that the state of Ba burial customs are different from those in Central Western Zhou tombs.The combination characteristics of ritual vessels in the state of Ba cemetery are mainly reflected in the rich types of ritual vessels.For example,although the tripod system has not yet formed,the combination of bronze ritual vessels for the burial of senior nobles has appeared.The musical instruments could only be buried with the monarchs and the princes and only in the male tombs,and the instruments unearthed in tombs are mainly percussion ones with a higher level;lacquer combination is also the characteristics of the ritual instrument combination for the state of Ba cemetery,and the burial of lacquer wood figurines also reflects the change of social concept and the change of funeral system brought about by the change from slave society to feudal society.In terms of the jade system,it also has its own characteristics.There are more decorative jade for high-level female tombs and more etiquette jade for high-level male tombs,which is the popular funeral customs in the Western Zhou cultural.Many jades are left with traces of the transformation of the implements,which is another important feature of the jade system of the state of Ba cemetery.There are many bronze inscriptions in the state of Ba cemetery,which are related to the system of Feng Fu.This phenomenon reflects the close relationship between state of Ba and many states in the Western Zhou Dynasty,and also reflects the international diplomatic strategy and the way of national existence of state of Ba.