| Behaviors such as campus robberies,serving as cyber thugs,and others in order to gain personal benefits have been reported from time to time.This kind of anti-social behavior has a huge impact on our lives and even the entire society.Therefore,it is necessary to study the influencing factors of active aggressive behavior.The positive expectation of aggression outcome leads to the motivation of proactive aggression,which is an important cognitive factor recognized by the academic community that affects the implementation of proactive aggression behavior.However,the mechanism by which positive aggression results are expected to affect proactive aggressions is unclear.According to the study of cognitive dissonance theory,the conflict between the two cognitions of individuals wishing to obtain positive results in their favor and harming others may lead to moral disengagement.Moral disengagement is a kind of moral cognition and motivation,which reconstructs the cognition of harmful behavior to be good or desirable to help individuals get rid of moral self-punishment or control(Bandura,1999;Bandura,2002;Bandura,Barbaranelli,& Caprara,1996).It is a cognitive tendency within an individual.This cognitive tendency includes redefining one's behavior to make it appear less harmful,minimizing one's responsibility for the consequences of the behavior,and reducing the painful feelings of the victim Approval.Therefore,this study attempts to explore the impact of the expected outcome of the aggression on the proactive aggression and the mediating effect of stateful moral evasion.This research has adapted the proactive aggression task used by our research group to enable it to measure and measure individuals' expectations of positive aggression results,as well as stateful moral evasion and proactive aggression behavior.In this study,we also designed the scenario of hypothetical aggression using the method of situation assumption research.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between positive aggression result expectation,state moral evasion,and proactive aggression in both hypothetical and real scenarios,and compares positive aggression result expectation,moral decision-making,and Similarities and differences in aggression decisions.In summary,the problems that this study attempts to solve are as follows:(1)Can an individual's positive aggression result be expected to predict his stateful moral evasion and proactive aggression behavior,and whether the predicted relationship can be verified in hypothetical and real situations,and the individual's positive aggression result is expected in both scenarios 2.Whether there is a difference in the state of moral disengagement and the level of proactive aggression(Studies 1 and 2);(2)Whether state-based moral evasion mediates the impact of positive aggression outcome expectations on proactive aggressions(study 3).This study uses three sub-studies to test these three hypotheses.Study 1 explores the relationship between the expectation of positive aggression results and state moral evasion and active aggressive behavior in hypothetical situations.Study 1 first conducts preliminary studies through Study 1a.Study 1a recruited 39 valid subjects,including 13 males and 26 females,with an age range of 18-25 years(M = 20.56,SD = 1.51).The results of Study 1a showed that when the subjects had a combination of clues with a monetary amount of 1-5 yuan,the subjects had the lowest average score in the evaluation of the expected level of aggressive aggression.When the amount of money was 8-12 yuan,the subjects had an aggressive aggression result.The average expected evaluation score is medium,and when the amount of money reaches the range of 16-20 yuan,the participants' positive aggression results are expected to have the highest average evaluation score.This determines the range of aggression clues that are expected to be high,medium,and low for manipulating positive aggression results.Next,Study 1b recruited 373 active participants,including 175 males and 198 females,with an age range of 18-25 years(M = 20.56,SD = 1.51).A single-factor three-level experimental design was used to explore positive aggressions.The relationship between result expectation and state moral evasion and proactive aggression.The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that after controlling the level of covariate trait moral evasion,the three test groups had significant differences in state moral evasion scores and number of proactive aggressions(F state moral evasion = 61.54,effect size = 0.33,F proactive aggression = 39.88,effect size = 0.29,P <0.001),and the post-hoc pairwise comparison results showed that the pairwise differences among the three groups were significant(Ps <0.01).Study 2 uses real laboratory tasks to further explore the relationship between positive aggression result expectations,moral evasion,and proactive aggression.There were a total of 148 valid subjects in Study Two,including 45 males and 103 females,with an age range of 18-26 years(M = 20.84,SD = 1.84).The results showed that after controlling the level of covariate trait moral evasion,the three test groups had significant differences in state moral evasion scores and the number of proactive aggressions(F = 126.0 and 155.05,Ps <0.001),and they were compared in pairs afterwards.The results showed that except for the difference in the scores of state moral evasion in the low and middle groups(P = 0.998),the scores of the two groups(low,high state moral evasion,middle and high state moral evasion)were significantly different.(P <0.001).On the status ethics evasion level score,there was no significant difference between the low and middle groups in Study 2(P = 0.998),and the differences in scores between Study 1 and Group 3 were significant(P <0.001).The results were inconsistent.In terms of the number of proactive aggressions,the results of Study 2 are consistent with Study 1.The differences in the number of proactive aggressions of the three groups are significant(F = 39.88 and 155.05,P <0.001),and the pairwise comparisons between the two groups are significantly different afterwards.Study 3 used the in-subjects experimental design to recruit participants to perform "the expected damage from the aggression result-obtaining task" in the laboratory.A total of 101 valid subjects in study three included 32 males and 69 females,and the age range was 19-25 years(M = 20.56,SD = 1.51).The results of the linear regression analysis showed that the final linear regression models were statistically significant(F = 67.11 and 107.45,P <0.001),and 41% of the state moral evasion mutations could be explained by the expected change in positive aggression results(corrected R2 = 0.41),58% of the proactive aggression variation can be explained by the expected change in positive aggression results(corrected R2 = 0.58).And the level of stateful moral evasion mediates the relationship between the expectation of positive aggression results and active aggressive behavior(? = 0.07,Boot SE = 0.36,Boot LLCI = 0.03,Boot ULCI = 0.11).Based on the results of three studies,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The experimental design of the subjects in Research 1 and Research 2 shows that no matter whether the individual is in an imaginary aggression situation or is actually in an aggression situation,a positive aggression result is expected to predict the state of moral evasion and active aggressive behavior;But in different contexts(hypothetical and real),there are differences in the level of anticipation of positive aggression results and state moral evasion caused by the same clue.(2)The results of the in-subject experiments of Study 3 show that the positive aggression results are expected to predict state moral evasion and active aggressive behavior.Specifically,it affects individuals to make proactive aggressions by affecting state moral evasion.The results of this study provide empirical research evidence to explain the views of aggressionrelated theoretical models.For example,the social information processing model also believes that an individual will actively engage in aggressive behavior because his anticipation of the outcome of the aggression is positive,enticing the individual.Make corresponding behaviors to obtain this positive result;the results of this study also provide theoretical ideas for intervening in aggressive aggressive behaviors and building a more harmonious society aggression. |
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