| Working memory(WM)is closely related to attention.The stimuli maintaining in working memory will form a "target template" that guides attention through a top-down approach.However,when the stimuli stored in working memory is not a search target(e.g.,non-target state),stimuli matching the representation of working memory will form "inhibition template",and individuals will produce attention suppression effect of WM representations that are not related to the target.Rewards can have an incentive effect on individuals,which is conducive to visual search.This study is based on the attention suppression theory of WM representations,and aims to investigate the influence of reward on attention suppression based on WM representation in non-target state.That is,to reveal the attention suppression process based on WM representations from the perspective of high and low rewards.This study included two studies with a total of 3 experiments.The research used the working memory-visual search dual task paradigm to investigate the impact of WM representations associated with rewards on attention suppression in non-target state.Study 1 included two behavioral experiments to explore the specificity of rewards for attention suppression under WM representations.In Experiment 1,the reward was associated with the WM representation and used as a distractor in subsequent search tasks.It was found that compared with the control condition,when the WM representation associated with the reward was used as a distractor,the response time of the distractor was shorter,suggesting that the distractor can be successfully suppressed.In experiment 2,rewards were associated with clue and used as a distractor.As a result,compared with the distractor matching the clue and control conditions,there was no significant difference in response time.The results of Study 1 showed that reward related distractor had different effects under WM representation and single visual attention.Reward related distractor only had attention suppression effects under WM representations.Study 2(Experiment 3)used event-related potential technology to investigate the suppression process and mechanism of reward on perception representations stored in working memory.It was found that in 220-280 ms time window,reward related distractor induced N2 pc amplitudes associated with attention capture,and in 380-550 ms time window,reward-related distractor induced Pd amplitudes associated with attention suppression processes.This showed that reward related distractors preferentially captured attention and then were successfully suppressed with the participation of cognitive control.In order to further explore whether there was a difference in attention capture and attention suppression under high and low reward types,a t-test was performed on the N2 pc and Pd amplitudes under high and low reward types,respectively.It was found that compared with the low reward type,the N2 pc amplitudes were more negative and the Pd amplitudes were more correct under the high reward type,which indicated that the high reward related distractors had a larger amount of attention capture and suppression than the low reward related distractors.Based on the results of this study,the following important conclusions are drawn:(1)In the non-target state,rewards have different effects under WM representation and single attention conditions.Reward helps to generate attention suppression under WM representation,while there is no attention suppression under single attention condition.(2)Attention suppression of reward related distractor includes two stages: the attention capture on the early phase and attention suppression on the later phase.The attention suppression process under the WM representation is captured first and then suppressed.(3)High and low rewards can effectively adjust the effect amount of attention capture and attention suppression under WM representation.Compared with the low reward type,the attention suppression effect is enhanced under the high reward type. |
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