The Philosophical Analysis Of Marx's Commodity Theory

Commodity problem is a problem that Marx spent a lot of time in the first volume of capital.In fact,when Marx just contacted with political economy in his youth,he had sowed the seeds of studying commodity problem.With the in-depth study of Marx's political economy,his commodity theory also emerged and developed,and finally matured in the first volume of capital.There are objective philosophical contents in the category of Marxist political economy,including the category of "commodity".Before Marx,English and French classical political economists,Hess,Engels had carried out their own research on the issue of commodities in philosophy or political economy,which was great help to the formation of Marx's commodity theory.On the basis of absorbing and criticizing their thoughts on commodity issues,in the manuscripts of economics and philosophy in 1844 and the poverty of philosophy,Marx expounded the alienation of money to human nature and revealed the metaphysics of prudence's axiology with a critical attitude.Later,in the three manuscripts of capital,he discussed the duality of commodity theory and the duality of labor,the form of value,the historical attribute of commodity,commodity fetishism,currency and labor commodity,which are the direct sources of the philosophical content of commodity theory.In the first volume of capital,Marx followed the methodology of "from abstract to concrete",rearranged and combined these contents,then made a systematic exposition,and completed the logic deduction of "commoditycurrency-capital".In this logical act,Marx reveals the philosophical content of commodity: the existence of commodity duality solves the contradiction of incommensurability between commodities;commodity and its circulation,the separation of labor force and means of production,and the emergence of hired labor are the historical starting point of capital production;the logic of commodity money capital indicates whether commodity or capital is the logical starting point;labor It is the historical premise of capitalist exploitative mode of production and industrial relations that motive force becomes commodity.At the same time,capitalist mode of production and relations of production make commodity form more universal.Commodity,as the symbol of modern civilization,makes human society have equal,free and independent values and refined life style,but also leads to utilitarianism and money worship Moral problems such as justice.The framework of philosophical analysis is the key to understand the essence of the philosophy of commodity theory.The commodity theory contains the subject of "human",the three objects of "commodity","currency" and "labor commodity".From the three objects,it traces back to the relevant thoughts of the application of commodity fetishism,currency and labor commodity in the capital which expounds the three objects weaken the subjectivity of human being in the critical sense of political economy.These philosophical contents are not only the continuation and perfection of Marx's early alienation thought,but also the confirmatory contents of Marx's historical materialism,and will enlighten the research of contemporary Marxist economic philosophy and human theory.