An Analysis On Fukuyama’s Study Of Political Order

The theory of political order is an important theoretical paradigm in the study of comparative politics and is an important yardstick for understanding and examining the political realities of various countries.This paper takes Fukuyama’s political order theory as the research object,and explores the origin of Fukuyama’s political order theory from the perspectives of the ideological origin and the basis of reality,internal logic,theoretical value and limitations,and analyzes the research paradigm and logical framework of the Fukuyama political order theory.Trying to sort out the political realities of all countries in the world and explore possible paths for future political development.Since the 21st century,the democratization process in the world has encountered setbacks,and the liberal democratic system has performed poorly.On the one hand,the third wave of democratization has not made the developing countries that embrace liberal democracy thrive,but has caused them to fall into the predicament of low governance capacity.Even some countries in the Middle East have slipped into the abyss of failed countries because of weak national capabilities.On the other hand,the political systems of the old democratic countries headed by the United States have become rigid and the economic growth has slowed down and even stagnated.The Bush administration’s foreign policy under the influence of neo-conservatism and the use of force to promote democracy have suffered setbacks.The end of the history conceived by Fukuyama more than 20 years ago is far-fetched.At the same time,the emerging market countries represented by China have made great strides and developed rapidly.In order to help the free and democratic system get out of the predicament,Fukuyama further expanded the space-time environment and put forward the theoretical paradigm of political order based on the theory of Huntington’s powerful government.This article analyzes Fukuyama’s theory of political order from two dimensions:the logic of political order construction and the logical development of political order.From the perspective of constructing logic in the political order,Fukuyama pointed out that the balance of effective countries,the rule of law,and democratic accountability is the key to political development;from the perspective of the development logic of the political order,Fukuyama appealed to the grand human history and proposed The controversial development order theory emphasizes the importance of effective countries.Here,from the perspective of the realizability of political order and the priority of effective countries,it is necessary to prove that the development order of the three elements of political order is the key to achieving political development.Fukuyama’s theory of political order has distinctive features,as does strength and weakness.From the "end of history" to the "political order theory",it is both the "new"Fukuyama beyond the "old" Fukuyama and Fukuyama’s return to Huntington.Fukuyama,who is affiliated with the neoconservative camp,got rid of the obsession with "small government(nation)" and realized that the political order is a balance between an effective country,the rule of law,and a democratic accountability system.This is undoubtedly the maturity of Fukuyama’s academic thought.As a denationalized liberal scholar,Fukuyama’s focus on effective countries in the theory of political order is a more open expression of his academic perspective.However,the writing style that integrates the history of macro into a concise theoretical framework gives him a global perspective,but also brings the defects of the theory of non-circumferential.As a policy theorist,Fukuyama’s theory always serves the reality.However,excessive attention to reality has led to Fukuyama’s "short-sightedness" and overkill.The political order theory is no exception.Fukuyama has made many inroads into China in the two volumes of the "Political Order." This is one of the reasons why the "political order theory" has attracted the attention of the Chinese academic community.Fukuyama appreciates China’s highly qualified bureaucratic system and the ability of the political system to concentrate on decision-making.He also expressed concern about the biggest issue facing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics-how to maintain the legitimacy of the regime.China’s political system is characterized by the concentration of power.This is the reason why China has made great progress in the past,and it is also a problem that China needs to face in the future.For this reason,the prescription given by Fukuyama is that the key to China’s future political development is to ensure the rule of law and the accountability of democratic accountability to the country while maintaining national capabilities.This has certain directional implications for China’s future political development.