Study On The Change And Influencing Factors Of Subjective Well-being Of Rural Residents In Two Counties Of Shandong Province

1 Background"The Dream of China" in the new era is also called the people's "dream ofsubjective well-being".In contemporary society,when GDP per capita reached a certain level,the government starts to pay more attention to the national subjective well-being.The statistics showed that there were still about 0.62 billion of the rural resident population in our country in 2014,so,in the crucial period of building a socialist harmonious society,how to make the living of the rural residents happier and more dignified is the direction of the people and the country,which is also the key step to realize the "dream of China".At present,many researches are based on the study of subjective well-being,but there are still some shortcomings:firstly,in terms of the measurement methods,researchers mostly measure satisfaction based on retrospective judgment or experience sampling based on instant feeling.Some researchers even used a self-designed questionnaire,which led to the different study results.Not only the study's reliability is difficult to guarantee,but also lacks comparability and universal significance;moreover,in terms of the research data,most of the researches are based on cross-sectional data.and the use of longitudinal data on subjective well-being research trends over time are still relatively scarce;in addition,in terms of the research objects,most of the studies still mainly focus on the urban community residents and the elderly people,and the studies of the subjective well-being of the rural residents are still relatively scarce.2 ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the changes and its influencing factors of rural residents'subjective well-being based on the DRM method,using longitudinal data,in order to provide theoretical and empirical basis for improving the subjective well-being of rural residents and build a harmonious socialist society and realizing the "Dream of China".3 Methods3.1 Data sourcesData of this research were from the survey database of the subjective well-being of rural residents in Caoxian and Chiping counties of Shandong Province in 2006 and 2014.According to the 2006 database of survey object codes,those who were missed due to migrant works,marriage or moving away,refusal of visits,deaths,and alternative answers were excluded from the database of 2014 database.A total of 1387 respondents who were the one-to-one correspondence between the 2006 and 2014 study were extracted as the sample population for this research to reduce research bias.3.2 Statistical analysisSPSS 23.0 was employed to carry out statistical analysis.Firstly,a descriptive analysis of the basic information of the respondents,the current situation and changes of respondents' subjective well-being was conducted.The measurement data were described in the form of mean ± standard deviation(X ± S),and the enumeration data were described in the form of number(n)and constituent ratio(%).Secondly,according to whether the data were classified data,x2 test or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis.Furthermore,the two-factor nonparametric analysis of variance-Scheirer-Ray-Hare test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to make a single factor analysis on the subjective well-being of rural residents.Finally,the generalized estimating equation was used to further explore the influencing factors of rural residents' subjective well-being.4 Main results4.1 The basic information of the respondentsFrom 2006 to 2014,? rural resident's per capita net income increased by 6496 yuan;?according to the EQ-5D,the rural residents with no problems in mobility increased to 94.5%,and in the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were decreased by 5.3 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points respectively;? rural residents with "no insomnia at all" dropped by nearly 10 percentage points from 2006 to 2014,while those with "insomnia more than usual" increased to 22.5%;? rural residents who did not feel depressed at all increased to 45%,and those who were depressed more than usual had decreased by 6.1 percentage points;? the rural residents with no time pressure reduced to 21.7%,while those with heavy time pressure increased by 0.8 percentage points.4.2 Subjective well-being and its changes of the respondents4.2.1 Activity net affect and its changes? Compared to the other two types of activities,recreational activities brought the highest subjective well-being,and compared to 2006,in 2014,the net affect of recreational activities increased by 0.41,which was the most obvious;? in terms of the specific activities,from 2006 to 2014,the subjective well-being brought by "rest"increased by 0.768,which was the most obvious;? in 2006,the subjective well-being brought by "play" was the highest,while in 2014,physical exercise brought the highest subjective well-being for the rural residents.4.2.2 Individual net affect and its changesOverall,the subjective well-being of rural residents increased by 0.38 in 2014 compared with 2006.From the specific crowd,? the subjective well-being of rural residents in Chiping was higher than that in Caoxian,but in 2014,the subjective well-being of rural residents in Caoxian increased more,which was 0.40,higher than the average increase between 2006 and 2014;?there was no significant difference in the subjective well-being of different gender and occupational groups,and the increase of subjective well-being in different gender and occupational groups was not significant,which was also lower than the average increase of 0.38 in the two years.?the subjective well-being of middle-aged rural residents was the highest,followed by the elderly and the young,and in 2014,the individual net affect of the middle-aged increased by 0.41,which was the most obvious;? there was no significant difference in subjective well-being of rural residents with different marital status,but in the 8 years,the subjective well-being of the married people increased most by 0.39;? rural residents in high school/secondary school or above had the highest the subjective well-being,and in 2014,it increased most by 0.44;? middle and high income groups,as well as the people with best relative economic conditions had higher subjective well-being,and in 2014,the subjective well-being of high-income group and groups with good and best relative economic conditions increased more;? the subjective well-being of the residents with best relative health conditions was the highest,and the subjective well-being of the groups with good and best relative health conditions increased by 0.39 and 0.41 in 2014,which were higher than the average increase of 0.38 in two years;?the deeper the insomnia,the lower the subjective well-being of the rural residents had,and in 2014,the subjective well-being of residents who had no insomnia increased the most;? rural residents with no depression and time pressure had higher subjective well-being,and in 2014,their subjective well-being increased by 0.38 and 0.49 respectively,which were the most obvious.4.3 Influencing factors of subjective well-being? There is no statistical correlation between gender,occupation,marital status and individual net affect;? the impact of years,sample counties,age,education,per capita net income,self-evaluation relative economic status,self-evaluation relative health status,insomnia,depression,and time pressure on the subjective well-being of rural residents was statistically significant;? through correlation analysis,self-evaluation relative economic status had stronger impact on subjective well-being of the rural residents than per capita net income;in terms of the EQ-5D,negative correlations were found between the five dimensions and the subjective well-being,and the anxiety/depression had a stronger impact on subjective well-being than the remaining four demensions.5 Conclusions and suggestions5.1 ConclusionsFor the changes of subjective well-being of rural residents:? compared to 2006,the subjective well-being of rural residents in 2014 had been increased in all dimensions.Among them,the increase of the subjective well-being of Caoxian rural residents,the middle-aged,the married,the rural residents with education of high school/secondary or above,the high-income groups,the rural residents with good and best relative economic conditions,the rural residents with good and best health conditions,the rural residents without insomnia,depression and time pressure was higher than the average increase in two years,which was more obvious;? compared to the other two types of activities,recreational activities brought the highest subjective well-being to the respondents,and in 2014,the increase of subjective well-being brought by recreational activities was also the most obvious;?in 2006,"play" brought the highest subjective well-being,while in 2014,physical exercise made rural residents feel the most well-being;? compared to other specific activities,from 2006 to 2014,the subjective well-being brought by "rest" increased the most.For the influencing factors of subjective well-being:? years,sample counties,age,education,per capita net income,self-evaluation relative economic status,self-evaluation relative health status,insomnia,depression,and time pressure had statistically significant influence on subjective well-being;? no significant influence was found in the association between gender,occupation,marital status and subjective well-being.;? the relative income had stronger impact on subjective well-being than absolute income;mental health had stronger impact on subjective well-being than physical health.5.2 Suggestions? to place more importance to the regulating effect of the recreational activities,especially the interactive physical exercise on the subjective well-being;? to further reduce the gap between the rich and the poor in order to achieve common prosperity;? to increase the investment on education for rural residents,and to try to transform knowledge into wealth in order to increase residents' sense of acquisition;? not only to pay attention to the physical health of rural residents,but also to pay attention to mental health.