After the industrial revolution,the level of productivity of capitalist society was greatly improved,and the economy grew rapidly.At the same time,capitalist production methods exploited peasants and caused damage to agriculture and rural areas.Marx and Engels,who lived in the transition period of agricultural civilization to industrial civilization,witnessed the extremely poor living conditions of the peasants,and thus paid great attention to the peasant problems.The peasant ideology of Marx and Engels came into being under this background.As an important part of Marxist theory,Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts point out that the peasants are not only conservative or even reactionary in the process of socialist revolution,but also have conflicts with the scale operation required by modernization and industrialization in the period of socialist construction.It emphasizes the necessity of combining the proletarian struggle with the peasant movement and points out the correct way for the proletariat and the working people to get rid of oppression and exploitation.This paper takes the development of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts as the main line,through the interpretation of the main texts related to Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts,and the analysis of the latest research results of scholars,exploring the main theoretical achievements of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts in different periods.Meanwhile,based on the actual situation in China,exploring the theoretical and practical value of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts in the current modernization of China.This article is divided into five parts.The paper begins with a brief review of the research background,research significance and research status at home and abroad.The second chapter mainly examines the background of the formation of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts and the main content of the preliminary exploration period.It points out that the duality of peasants and the proletariat are the real revolutionary classes.The third chapter mainly emphasizes the revolutionary nature of peasants,analyzes the inevitability of the alliance of workers and peasants,points out the differences between urban and rural areas and the reasons for opposition,the necessity and possibility of urban-rural integration,as well as the ways of urban-rural integration and so on.This part revealing the main contents of the formation and development of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts.The fourth chapter systematically analyzes the main content of the mature and perfect period of Marx and Engels peasants' thoughts,repeatedly emphasizes the importance of the thought of the workers and peasants alliance,points out the ways to consolidate the alliance of workers and peasants,and the different principles and methods of treating different classes in rural areas.The last chapter summarizes and evaluates the practical value and theoretical value of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts,and explores the reference and enlightenment significance of Marx and Engels' peasant thoughts in combination with the current construction of “agriculture,rural areas and farmers”. |