Research On Supervisory Thought In The Period Of Nanjing National Government(1928-1935)

Marx's has proposed in The Introduction of The Criticism of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: “of course,the weapon of criticism cannot replace the criticism of weapons.Material force can only be destroyed by material force.However,once a theory has mastered the masses,it will also become material force.” Through this sentence,Marx's wanted to show that thoughts and theories are instructive to practice.Therefore,the thoughts and theories that conform to the needs of The Times can become the sharp weapon of national governance.Power and corruption go hand in hand,since the beginning of human society has never left.How to effectively put power in the cage has become an important proposition that human society has been thinking about and pursuing for a long time.Since the revolution of 1911,China's feudal political system has gradually retired from the stage of history.People's thoughts have entered a relatively liberal period of development.During this period,the thinkers and their burst of political ideas all flash the light of modern democracy.With the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,Chiang Kai-shek gradually began his own dictatorship.Since its establishment,the Nanjing National Government supervision academy has been criticized by both the president and members of the internal government supervision academy and the intellectuals.The supervisory committee was in the supervision system,and they knew well the shortcomings of the design of the national government system.Intellectuals have always had a strong sense of responsibility for the country and the people.They hope to influence the thoughts of revolutionaries and politicians through their voices,so as to build a good democratic and republican government together.The interweaving of the ideas of these people in different places led to the flourishing of monitoring ideas in this period.Through the search and analysis of the supervision thoughts of different groups,this paper intends to explore their thoughts and assumptions on the democratic supervision system of the government in different positions.It is divided into five parts.The first chapter introduces the development and evolution of the supervision thought in ancient China and its evolution in the late Qing dynasty.Whatever the development of modern supervisory system and supervisory thoughts,they still rely on the traditional supervisory system and thoughts in China.Therefore,the investigation and understanding of the development and evolution of the supervision thought in ancient China and its evolution in the late Qing dynasty is the basis of understanding the supervision thought in the period of Nanjing National Government.The second chapter combed the Nanjing National Government supervisory thought theory origin.This chapter mainly discusses the democratic supervisory thoughts of Sun Yat-sen and Zhang Taiyan,who are the representatives of the early revolutionaries.In the early years of the republic of China,although they also advocated the revolutionary salvation of the country,they had different thoughts on democracy and supervision.As a revolutionary pioneer and party leader,Sun Yat-sen's supervisory thought was constantly improved along with the revolutionary process,which was the mainstream of The Times and directly influenced the system design of Nanjing National Government and the later generations' thinking on supervisory.Zhang Taiyan's different ideas on democracy and supervision system are yet to be regarded as the embellishment of thick ink and heavy color.His supervision thought has a tortuous development process along with the social reform,and is finally attributed to the thought of supervision independence similar to that of Sun Yat-sen.The third chapter focuses on the reflections of Yu Youren,President of the Nanjing National Government supervision academy and the supervisory committee of the academy on the supervision authority and system perfection after practical work after the establishment of the supervision academy of Nanjing National Government.Through the analysis of the composition of the supervisory committee,most of them were revolutionaries who followed Sun Yat-sen and had a high educational background.In addition to the limitation of the identity of the officials of the national government,the supervisory thoughts of this particular group were supplemented and perfected with Sun Yat-sen's supervisory thoughts as the core.Led by Yu Youren,the President of the university,they proposed many times to expand supervision power,and urged the combination of bullets and punishment(or trial).The fourth chapter is the intellectuals' thoughts on Sun Yat-sen's thought of supervision and their own ideas on democracy and supervision.As soon as Sun Yat-sen's thought of the five-power constitution was put forward,it set off a hot discussion among the intellectuals.Later,the death of Sun Yat-sen brought with him the regret that he could not put his political ideas into practice,which further stimulated the discussion on how to practice his political ideas.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the discussion among intellectuals shifted from democracy to the construction of government supervision system.Is different from the KMT government and the party for the praise of Sun Yat-sen's political thought,intellectual groups tend to from the Angle of theory to understand and evaluate the Sun Yat-sen's thoughts and system design,a lecturer,professor at the university of both of these intellectuals and scholars,there is also a part of life cannot be proven by the education of people,they have certain ideas about knowledge,their articles and deep thinking of supervision.The difference of the station makes their thoughts have rich development.The fifth chapter summarizes the democratic supervision thoughts of different groups.The beginning of the transformation in the supervision of the legal system modernization,whether it is represented by Sun Yat-sen,Zhang Taiyan's early revolutionaries,supervision of the national government officials or the intellectual elite,although they for monitoring have different thinking and understanding,but it's not hard to see the unity.The author thinks that they are actively in China and foreign countries,hoping to establish a democratic republic regime and perfect supervision system.Their diverse ideas gave us space to think and let us see the charm of that era.