Access Regulation Of Self-driving Car

The social adoption of self-driving cars raises many risks.In order to respond to the safety needs of the society,preventive access regulation should be put on the agenda as soon as possible in addition to providing relief afterwards.Under the guidance of the dual regulatory goals of safety and innovation,the admittance regulation of autonomous vehicles can be discussed from two levels: technical standard and administrative license.Among them,the technical standards constitute the substantial elements of the automatic vehicle access regulations,and the administrative license is an important system to ensure the effectiveness of the technical standards.Licensing of self-driving cars can be discussed in scenarios such as road testing and commercial operations.In this paper,in addition to the technical standards of vehicles,the licensed content can also be supplemented by closed field test experience,safety verification by third-party organizations,manual and automatic driving operation modes,vehicle status record,storage and online monitoring functions.Under this licensing framework,the relevant elements still need to be flexibly adjusted in the light of the intensity of security requirements and the latest developments in technology.The details can be discussed from the aspects of traditional hardware design removal,closed test experience quantification and network connection function.The grasp of these elements by local governments should be combined with the risk factors in different test environments,with thepremise of responding to safety requirements,and moderately inclusive of new features of technology.For the license of commercial operation vehicles represented by autonomous taxi,in terms of safety requirements,the government should consider the new licensing elements according to the changes in operation mode,and make the safety adjustment higher than that of passenger cars based on the risk representation presented in vehicle operation.At the same time,the requirement of equal treatment should also be incorporated into the initiative of the access threshold,and the equal status and rights of different subjects and special subjects should be taken care of and protected.In addition,the establishment of autonomous taxi licensing standards has the space for administrative discretion,so in order to avoid improper infringement of civil rights caused by unreasonable discretion,governments at all levels should also abide by the principle of proportion when setting vehicle standards,and grasp the balance between different regulatory objectives,purposes and means.According to the overall architecture of autonomous vehicles,the technical standards of access regulations at the physical level can be divided into three aspects:hardware standards,software standards and vehicle standards.In the hardware part,the main distinguishing feature of autonomous vehicle is the extensive use of various sensors.Considering the basic significance of sensor reliability,it is appropriate to formulate mandatory national standards for all kinds of sensors.In the software part,it is the algorithm that plays a decisive role in driving decisions,and making the algorithm accept standard constraints is a beneficial path to ensure driving safety.To balance the public safety and commercial secret protection,the government can consider to change "command and control" management mode,encourage social organizations,enterprises work groups of algorithms such as software technology standard,enterprise standard,play to their professional and information superiority,and through the group standard,enterprise standard ego statement openly and actively monitor the compliance of the standard of supervision system.According to vehicle safety standards,autonomous vehicles can be allowed to drive as long as their driving level is considered equal to or slightly higher than that of human drivers.Collision frequency and accident rate can be used as safety evaluation criteria.In the era ofself-driving cars,the cyber security standard of self-driving cars will be an important link to resist hacker attacks and related network risks.The establishment of network safety standards for autonomous vehicles should follow the standardized path of vehicle life cycle,and the standard distinction should be made according to the risk differences of vehicles with different technical architectures and different levels of automation.In addition,in addition to guiding enterprises to formulate risk analysis system and corresponding control and safety management measures,we can also consider encouraging the industry to develop standards and best practices,and carry out cooperative regulation on standard formulation.