Tourism Governance And Uneven Development Of Communities In Shibing Karst World Heritage Site

The World heritage is one of the invaluable and irreplaceable assets of mankind.Tourism development based on heritage resources is mainly aimed at resource protection and increasing the welfare of social members.According to IUCN regulations,tourism development in heritage sites should be sustainable,and its core is community development,which requires appropriate and effective tourism governance.Existing tourism governance studies increasingly emphasize the governance model of community participation,and even propose "community-based tourism governance",but few studies have focus on the spatial imbalance issue of communities' development in the tourism governance of heritage sites.There are legal,political,economic,social,and environmental links between tourism and world heritage sites,and these relationships are long-term,stable,but complex.It means that the tourism governance of world heritage sites is more complicated and more demanding than that of general tourist destinations,it must take into account the attributes of the tourist destinations and the social and economic development of local communities at the same time.This research uses in-depth interviews and other field observation as the main research methods,taking Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage Site as a case study to analyze the spatial imbalance of community development inthe tourism governance of heritage sites,and propose community-based governance ideas,which including global and local tensions and overall space governance thinking.The details are as follows:(1)Under the existing tourism governance model of heritage sites,the development of the communities in Shibing Karst World Heritage site presents a phenomenon of spatial imbalance.The spatial difference between the heritage site and the scenic spot is objective existence,and it is reflected in the uneven distribution of tourism resources.However,the existing tourism governance model of the heritage site aimed at the development of the scenic spot,and it cannot solve this spatial contradiction.To some extent,it even transforms the objective existence space differences between communities and within community into social resources endowment differences.Moreover,the spatial imbalance of community development is essentially rooted in the marginalization of community development,and the latter has the opposite effect on the former.(2)In the tourism governance of world heritage sites,the protection of heritage sites and the sustainable development of tourism are global considerations,but ultimately they need to be implemented locally,that is,there are spatial differences between heritage sites and scenic spots,which is reflected in the tension of global thinking and local action;And the spatial imbalance of community development needs to adjust thetourism governance thinking of the heritage site to the overall space governance thinking.The importance of communities in governance is becoming increasingly prominent,and the problems of imbalanced development and governance will eventually be displayed at the community level.Therefore,the governance based on community development that harmonizes the global and local tensions and maintains the overall spatial governance thinking can become the basic foothold to cope with the spatial unbalanced development.