The Relationship Among Depression,Perceived Social Norms Of Smoking And Smoking Behavior Among College Students

Improving the current status of tobacco use is a significant measure to realize "Healthy China 2030".College students are an important group for the intervention of tobacco control.A number of researches have already investigated the current status of tobacco use among college students and showed that depression and perceived social norms of smoking are two main reasons resulting in these smoking behavior.The existing Theory of Self-medication and Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Framework nterprets the induction effect of depression towards smoking behavior;the The Focus Theory of Normative Conduct explains the positive effect of perceived social norms towards smoking behavior.According to Theory of Planned Behavior,Problem-Behavior Theory,and Diathesis-Stress Model,this study will focus to explore the combined effect of depression together with smoking perceived social norm on smoking behavior.This research consists of three sub-studies.In Study 1,the relation among depression,perceived social norms of smoking and smoking behavior is surveyed by meta-analysis.Taking 23 studies in nearly 30 years(including 26008 subjects),which explore the relation between depression and college students smoking behavior,as analytic target,the result shows that depression markedly and positively predicts college students' smoking behavior(r=0.20).Taking 24 studies in nearly 30 years(including 25956 subjects),which explore the relation between perceived social norms of smoking and college students' smoking behavior,as analytic target,the result shows that perceived social norms markedly and positively predicts college students' smoking behavior(r=0.21).In Study 2,the relation among depression,perceived social norms of smoking and smoking intention of college students is tested by experiments.The experiment used 2(depression:high,low)*2(smoking social norm:strong and weak)two factors designed among the subjects,the dependent variable was smoking intention.The subjects were 140 college students.The results are as follows:(1)the main effect of depression was significant.The smoking intention of college students with high depression was significantly higher than that of low depression students;(2)the main effect of perceived social norms of smoking was not significant;(3)the interaction of depression and perceived social norms of smoking on smoking intention was not significant.In Study 3,the prediction effect of depression and perceived social norms of smoking towards college students' smoking behavior is investigated by measurement.4474 college students are selected by cluster sampling.Taking 517 ever-smoking college students and 162 current-smoking college students in study 1 as samples and with tools like population questionnaire,smoking questionnaire,depression scale,social support scale and smoking social norms questionnaire,the results are as follows:1)in general,college students' ever-smoking rate is 11.56%.Dramatic differences can be found among college students with different gender,school type and subject type.The current-smoking rate is 3.62%.The differences among college students result from different gender,school type,subject type,residence location and offspring type 2)depression markedly and positively predicts CPD of current-smoking college student or ever-smoking college student;3)perceived social norms of smoking positively predicts CPD of current-smoking or ever-smoking college student;4)perceived social norms of smoking positively moderate the relationship between depression and CPD of current-smoking students.The following conclusions can be drew in this research:depression and perceived social norms of smoking,respectively,are important individual and environmental variables to predict college students' smoking behavior and have a interaction effect on college students'smoking behavior.