Research On The Influential Factors Of Fertility Plan And Policy Requirements Of Working Women Who Have Given Birth To One Child

Since our country put forward one-child policy in the late 1970 s,the trend of rapid population growth has slowed down.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,with the continuous improvement of China’s economic development level,the fertility rate of women has shown a trend of continuous decline,and China has entered an era of low fertility with “low birth,low death,and low growth”.In the meantime,population problems such as accelerating aging and lack of labor are affecting China’s economic and social sustainable development.In December 2013,the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee decided to implement the "selective two-child" policy.However,after the implementation of the policy,the policy has received different degrees of cold treatment in various places.In October 2015,the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee made a decision to further liberalize restrictions on childbirth and implement the “universal two-child” policy.According to the figures published by the National Bureau of Statistics,China’s annual birth population decreased by 630,000 in 2017.It has been two years since the “universal two-child” policy implemented,the policy has not achieved the expected results.Therefore,through in-depth understanding of the fertility desires and influencing factors of working women of childbearing age in urban areas,and the formulation of a high-demand reproductive support policy will provide decision-making information for the more effective implementation of the “universal two-child” policy.Under the universal two-child policy,this study uses the fertility economic model and the theory of proximate determinants of fertility to investigate the influential factors of fertility plan and policy requirements of working women who have given birth to one child.This study selected the working women who have given birth to one child in Tianjin as sample and the main research method of the study is interviewing method and questionnaires method.The study finds that 25% of working women have a clearly plan to give birth to two children.The fertility desire of working women is at a low level.The study finds that the way to look after the first child,career stability of working women,and the position of working women has a close connection to the fertility plan of working women.The study also finds that the period of maternity leave and maternity allowance has a significant influence to career stability of working women.What’s more,the working women have a stronger demand to the national policy which can encourage people to give birth to the second children.Among these policies,the working women are more concerned of the policy of the two-child allowance,the system of early childhood care,and the reproduction insurance.The study established the support system of encouraging the working women to give birth to the second children,which includes improving reproduction insurance,establishing the system of two-child allowance and tax incentives,establishing the employment-supporting mechanism for balancing women’s work and family life.