| The scientific and rational functional zoning of nature reserves was beneficial to the long-term survival and reproduction of species and the management of nature reserves.At present,the spatial characteristics and biodiversity conservation benefits of nature reserves were not considered in the functional zoning methods of nature reserves.The functional area of the division could not meet the needs of biodiversity conservation,and a system of protected area partition model had not yet been formed.The Quanzhou Bay Estuary Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve was a typical representative of the subtropical estuary wetland in China.which supports high levels of biodiversity because of its unique geographical advantages.However,there are some problems such as excessive consumption of natural resources,uneven distribution of nature reserves,and insufficient technical support.There was an urgent need to use scientific techniques to optimize nature reserve.Therefore,in this paper,species distribution model was used to identify the concentrated distribution area of rare species.And combining the network selection algorithm,the nature reserve optimization model was constructed.Then the validity of the model was verified by taking the Quanzhou Bay Estuary Wetland Reserve as an example.Firstly,the relevant environmental variables of rare aquatic animals were selected from an ecological perspective.Then based on the Maxent model,the distribution of rare species was simulated.And the concentrated aquatic animal distribution areas were identified in the estuary wetland protection area of Quanzhou Bay.Secondly,further considering the spatial characteristics and functional zoning based on the Net-flow model,a one-stage static functional zoning model with multiple spatial characteristics(OSFS-Netflow)was proposed.It could divide a continuous and compact nature reserve core area and buffer zone,which considers the maximum protection benefits of protected areas.Finally,the distribution of species in the next three phases was predicted by the cellular automaton.And the multi-period static functional zoning model(MSFS-Netflow)and multi-period dynamic functional zoning model(MDFS-Netflow)were proposed to provide the functional zoning optimization scheme.The main conclusions were as follows: rare aquatic animals mainly distributed in the southeast estuary area of the Quanzhou Bay Wetland Reserve.This area had high levels of ecological suitability value.The current Quanzhou Bay Wetland Reserve has failed to effectively protect the main habitat of rare aquatic animals.The planning results of OSFS-Netflow model were better than the current protection,F-SCP model and Netflow model.For OSFS-Netflow model,the optimal parameter sets were as follows: The protection target of the core area was30%,the protection target of the buffer area was 10%,and the compact weight was 0.5.And then the planned core area and buffer area were continuous and compact,and the core area was surrounded by buffer area,mainly located in the southeast estuary area of Quanzhou Bay.After the third period,the surrounding area of the high ecological value plot of the Quanzhou Bay Reserve would be improved.The ecological suitability of the MDFS-Netflow model was higher than that of MSFS-Netflow in the multi-period functional zoning problem.In this study,a new integer programming model for functional zoning was designed,and the case study of Quanzhou Bay Estuary Wetland Nature Reserve was given.Based on the scenarios of static optimization and dynamic optimization,the functional zones of nature reserve were divided.The results of planning were better than those of original protected areas,and the optimal scheme was put forward.The protection area should be extended from the original protected area to the west where covering the concentrated areas of rare aquatic animals.And This scheme effectively could protect rare aquatic animals and their habitats and provide new ideas for the theory and practice of functional zoning of nature reserves in China. |
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