Eye-tracking Of Social Orienting In Dynamic Scene Features For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Social orienting refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive and watch social stimuli in social situations.It is one of the contents of social attention,which plays an important role in discovering social stimuli and promoting social development for children with ASD.Children with ASD have abnormal orientations to social information,body movements,faces and other social information,which has led researchers to pay attention to the social orienting of them.And now,the social orienting of children with ASD has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.However,there are still some issues that need to be deepened,such as whether there is an atypical gaze pattern in the social orienting of children with ASD,and the factors that affect the social orienting of children with ASD.This study consists of three experiments.30 children with ASD and 30 children with typically developing(TD)matching speech intelligence and non-verbal intelligence were selected.By shooting dynamic real situation videos as experimental stimulation materials,data is collected by Tobii Pro X3-120 Eye tracking.The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of social orienting in children with ASD,whether their characteristics have atypical gaze patterns compared to children with TD,and the effect of dynamic real-world contextual features on social orienting in children with ASD.This study consists of three experiments.In Experiment 1,the free viewing paradigm of competitive conditions was adopted to explore the social orienting characteristics of children with ASD.In Experiment 2 and 3,the non-competitive condition free viewing paradigm was adopted to explore the factors that affect the social orienting of children with ASD.The findings of the study are as follows:Experiment 1: exploring the social orienting characteristics of children with ASD,the results find: the group of children with ASD was slower in AOI time to first fixation(TFF)than the group of TD children,and total fixation duration and fixation count were lower than those of the group of TD children.The total fixation duration and fixation count were lower than those in non-social scene.The children with ASD'TFF entered non-social scenes faster than social scenes,and the total fixation duration and fixation count for non-social scenes were higher than social scenes.Experiment 2: exploring the influence of different social scene characters' salience on the social orienting of children with ASD in dynamic scenes,the results find: the group of children with ASD was slower in TFF than the group of TD children,and the total fixation duration and fixation count were lower than those in the group of TD children.In the TFF,first fixation duration(FFD)and the total fixation duration,there was no significant difference between the high salience of the characters in the social scene and the low salience of the characters.The fixation counts in scenes with high salience is significantly higher than in scenes with low salience.Experiment 3: exploring the impact of social information intensity on the social orienting of children with ASD in dynamic scenes by presenting videos of different social states and different numbers of people,the results find: in the scene of different social information intensity,the TFF of the ASD group was slower than that of the TD group.And the total fixation duration and fixation counts of ASD group are less than the TD group.There were no significant differences in the TFF and FFD between the two groups of participants in different social status scenarios and different number of people' scenarios.Participants' total fixation duration and fixation counts in interactive scenes were significantly lower than those in non-interactive scenes.Participants' total fixation duration and fixation counts were significantly different in different number of people' scenarios.The total fixation time and total fixation points of oneperson scenes were higher than those of two-person scenes,and the total fixation time and total fixation points of three-person scenes were higher than those of two-person scenes.Throughout the analysis of the three experimental results,this study draws the following five conclusions:(1)Children with ASD have weaker social orienting than TD children in dynamic scenes,and have atypical gaze patterns;(2)The early processing pattern of social orienting in children with ASD is similar to that of TD children;(3)Children with ASD are affected by weak social information motivation and show nonsocial scene orienting preferences;(4)Children with ASD's social orienting is not affected by character salience;(5)Children with ASD show non-interactive scene-oriented preferences,and the impact of scene numbers on their social orienting is more complex.