A Comparative Study On The Effects Of Memory Integration And Explicit Teaching In Fifth Grade Primary School

Semantic memory is an open system,which will constantly update and add new information.Some new information is accumulated directly through observation,explicit instruction(which refers to educators' explanation of teaching content,and requires learners to master specific target knowledge explicitly in class)or other direct ways,while others are self-generated by logical processes such as induction,deduction,analogy and so on.In addition,there is another important way to expand semantic memory-memory integration,which is to integrate two or more separate but related information segments to generate new knowledge.With the growth of students' grades,the content and difficulties of learning that need to be mastered are increasing.Moreover,academic problems have gradually become the primary problem of students' mental health.Therefore,it will be likely to be helpful for learners to choose efficient learning methods in expanding knowledge to improve their academic performance.Thus,it can also reduce mental health problems which are caused by learning difficulties.According to previous studies,researchers have explored memory integration from different influencing factors for school-age,preschool children,primary school students,junior high school students and college students.In the study on explicit instruction,most researchers focus on the contrast with implicit teaching or other learning methods.However,there are few comparative studies on memory integration and explicit instruction.In the process of children's knowledge expansion,whether there is a significant difference between the learning effects of memory integration and those of explicit instruction or not needs further investigation.In addition,learners will receive numerous relevant or irrelevant information in the learning process,which makes it more difficult to expand knowledge.Therefore,this study focuses on learning effects of expanding knowledge through memory integration and explicit instruction under high and low difficulty conditions in class,and whether the combination of the two learning methods,memory integration & explicit teaching,can complement each other to improve the learning effects.Memorizing acquiredknowledge is one of the indicator to test the learning effects,according to which the learning effects are investigated from three aspects: immediate test,delay test,and learning transfer test of knowledge expansion,named as immediate effect,delay effect,and transfer effect in this paper.Consequently,based on the separation sentence pattern paradigm of the improved text.Using the experimental method,this study which selects students of Grade 5 as participants will start from the following three studies;Study 1 takes the difficulty of materials and learning style as independent variables to explore the immediate effect of memory integration,explicit instruction,memory integration& instruction.Based on study 1,study 2 investigated the participants on the three kinds of methods for knowledge expansion under conditions of different levels after a delay of one week in order to explore the retention effect of knowledge expansion through memory integration,explicit instruction,memory integration & instruction.Study 3 also takes the difficulty of materials and learning styles as independent variables,focusing on the transfer effect of three kinds of learning styles on knowledge expansion.This study mainly draws the following conclusions:First,there is no significant difference between memory integration and explicit teaching in the immediate effect,delay effect and transfer effect of knowledge expansion.Learners can expand their knowledge by memory integration or explicit teachingSecond,students of Grade 5 can acquire knowledge,maintain knowledge,and transfer knowledge through memory integration,explicit instruction,memory integration & explicit instruction under conditions of different levels.The learning effects of memory integration &explicit instruction is the best of all,and explicit instruction can improve learning effects of memory integration.Third,the difficulty of materials restricts learners' immediate achievement,delay achievement and transfer achievement.Compared with difficult materials,the learning effect is best when the learning content is relatively simpleFourth,under different levels of conditions,the immediate performance of the three kinds of knowledge expansion is positively correlated with the delay performance and transferperformance.Moreover,the corresponding delay performance and transfer performance can be predicted by the immediate performance accordingly.