The Design Of Self-Testing Quantum Random Number Generator With Integrated Waveguide And Research On Proposal Of Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

With the development of information technology,information security has become increasingly important.Quantum key distribution?QKD?,as a way to enhance the security of communication,has been widely studied.Although QKD is safe in principle,the key generation rate is relatively low.So it is necessary to increase the key generation rate while keeping its security.Besides the safety of QKD protocol,the safety of the key itself should also be concerned.Present random number used in encryption is based on algorithm complexity.However,classical random number is becoming invalid after the emergency of quantum computer.Quantum random number generator which is based on“true randomness”of quantum physics,is indispensable for future application of quantum information.This thesis presents two main works:1.Based on research of previous QKD protocols and inspired by counter factual QKD protocol,a novel QKD protocol with nearly 100%efficiency is proposed.This protocol is based on single photon interference and only use one quantum base for encoding,diminishing the exploitation of classical communication resource.Meanwhile,safety is guaranteed by quantum physics law.2.Based on device-independent quantum random number generator and self-testing quantum random number generator,we designed a self-testing quantum random number generator with polarization coding,taking advantage of high integration and low loss of the waveguide.Furthermore,we tried to map it on chip by integrated waveguide.Every part except for light source and detector is mapped in waveguide for the benefit of easy-scaling and fast processing.In order to build up this QRNG,we designed a new waveguide polarization rotator which is different in both height and width of the two coupling waveguides.The rotator can realize the direct conversion between theTE₀ mode andTM₀ mode with much higher conversion efficiency.