Research On Personnel Evacuation Management Based On Cellular Automata And Social Force Model

Personnel evacuation in emergency situations is one major concern in the field of management research.One problem is that a basic cellular automata model does not consider social forces in building evacuation and is not able to explain the complex process of crowd evacuation.A traditional social force model only sets the human-to-human force strength or the human-to-obstacle force strength as constant,thus could not dynamically change according to time and locations.People tend to the shortest path without considering the impact of subjective factors in Pathfinder simulation,thus social forces must be incorporated in evacuation study.This study first integrated the cellular automata with the social force model,quantified the psychological and behavioral factors experienced by personnel during the evacuation process as different social forces,and analyzed the positive and negative effects on evacuation time under the influence of different social forces.In order to improve evacuation efficiency in an emergency,the positive impact of social power was enhanced.By changing the variables,the change of cumulative evacuation number and evacuation time of the model proposed in this study were analyzed under different circumstances.Comparing the simulation results with other scholars' models,the model developed in this study presented a better accuracy in simulating actual evacuation processes.The attractiveness of the exit location had a positive impact on the evacuation process.Group attraction could increase evacuation time,and it has nothing to do with the number of evacuees,building size,the number of exits,and the distribution of evacuees.When people in the room were randomly and evenly distributed,the influence of the repulsive force of the obstacles,the attraction of the evacuation direction,and the repulsive force of the crowded exit on the evacuation time could be ignored.When the number of people distributed near the exit on both sides of the room was different,the greater the difference in number,the faster the evacuation time was affected by the force.A certain degree of obstacle repulsion,directional attractiveness and exit congestion attractiveness contributed to theevacuation of personnel,and this law had nothing to do with the size of the room and the number of people.When the force exerted a favorable influence on the evacuation time,the evacuation time was reduced faster at a single exit than at multiple exits.When there was an adverse effect,the evacuation time of a single outlet increased faster.When the sum of the width of all exits in the room was equal,the choice of multiple exits increased personnel hesitation and round trip time.Finally,through real case studies,the model developed in this study was validated by the simulation results and experimental results to verify the accuracy and rationality.It is recommended that the evacuation route could be optimized by adjusting the influence coefficient of social forces,thereby reducing the evacuation time,and providing an effective model reference and data support for the evacuation of construction personnel.