| With the process of agricultural commercialization and the trend of economic globalization,many enterprises which purchase and process agricultural products in developed countries choose to buy agricultural products from some developing countries,which can not only buy more quality materials,but also save the cost of purchase.What's more,it also brings economic benefits to developing countries,so that they can keep pace with the development of global economy.In order to stabilize this trade,order agriculture arises at the historic moment.It first appeared in the United States and gradually became popular in western countries.As for China,order agriculture first appeared in coastal areas in the early 1980s and became widespread in 1990s.However,with the popularization of order agriculture,many problems are becoming more and more obvious.The most serious one is the low fulfillment rate of orders.Many scholars have researched about this issue,the main points are as follows.The company has perfect system,professional knowledge and certain ability to resist risks.As for farmers,the production scale is small;the professional knowledge about the cultivation and production of agricultural products is lack,as well as the knowledge about the law of contract;the ability to resist risk is low;the blind follower often happens.All of these large differences lead to the serious status inequality between company and farmers,which is easy to cause the crisis of trust.What's more,agriculture itself is weak in adapting to the market,nature and disaster.This series of problems have brought high risks and unstable interests to farmers.So most of them trend to default.However,in the face of the company's breach of contract,farmers often choose to abandon the legal way because of the high cost of litigation,which also exacerbates the default rate of orders.In the final analysis,these problems are the lack of effective coordination mechanism between farmers and company.The establishment of cooperatives can just solve this problem.Obviously,the risk in the order agriculture supply chain is impossible to be eliminated,but the transfer between the farmers and company.And the establishment of the cooperative is to reduce the risk of farmers while guaranteeing the basic interests of farmers.At the same time,the status equivalence between cooperative and company is also conducive to trade.This paper builds a new order agriculture supply chain model based on the characteristics of a new mode of order agriculture.Firstly,establish an agriculture cooperative in accordance with the development of regional economy and farmers buy a share according to the land area.Then the agriculture cooperative gets profits by signing a contract with agricultural products acquiring company.Part of the income is used to pay dividends for farmers.Besides,to ensure the interests of the farmers,the cooperative will give the farmers a fixed income according to the stock.Based on these,we build a new three-level order agricultural supply chain consisting of a company,a cooperative and farmers.And calculate the income of cooperative under different risk aversions using the measure of conditional value-at-risk.Then set up a constraint optimization model,obtain the minimum land area that farmers participate in cooperative can get more interests and the minimum fixed income that cooperative provides by the Lagrange function and relevant Kuhn-Tucker conditions. |
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