Research On The Driving Force And Welfare Change Of Farmers' Centralization Of Residence In Hilly Areas

The rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization has increased the demand for urban construction land,the unlimited expansion of urban construction land occupies a large amount of cultivated land resources,deepening the contradiction between man and land.The rapid development of industrialization accelerated the migration of rural surplus labor to towns,The reduction of the rural population has led to the emergence of "hollowing" in rural villages.however,the extensive use of collective construction land in rural areas causes serious waste,under the country's strict arable land protection system,in order to ease the outstanding contradictions of economic development and farmland protection,Our country has explored a new path to both protect arable land and promote economic development,that is,to promote the protection of arable land and reduce the demand for collective construction land in rural areas so as to achieve the purpose of farmland protection.A reasonable and orderly advancement of concentrated peasants' living can not only promote the intensive use of rural land,realize the protection of cultivated land,but also improve the construction of rural infrastructure,improve the living environment of farmers,and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.However,in the process of promoting the concentration of peasants,problems such as the difficulty of embodying the status of the peasants,the difficulty of ensuring welfare,and the impaired economy are often encountered.This not only violates the original intention of the overall urban-rural development,but also hinders the policy of peasant concentration.Smooth implementation.Therefore,understanding the driving forces and welfare changes of peasants' centralized living has important practical significance for the smooth promotion of peasants' centralized living,the promotion of the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,and the realization of the strategy of rural rejuvenation.At present,the research on concentrated living of farmers is mainly concentrated in the plain areas and the economically developed coastal areas.There is less research on hilly regions with complex terrain,poor farmland quality,and weak economic foundations.Therefore,this paper selects HeChuan region as study area which si a typical southwestern hilly region,and conducts field surveys on 17 towns and 48 new rural communities in the region to obtain research data.Using descriptive statistics and analysis,a statistical analysis of the new rural communities in the region was conducted to obtain the characteristics and typical patterns of concentrated living of farmers in hilly areas.By establishing an evaluation index system,and using the population migration push-pull theory and binary logistic regression model to analyze the driving forces of farmers' concentrated living,the influencing factors of the decision-making of farmers' centralized living in hilly areas were obtained.Finally,according to the actual situation of the farmers before and after the centralized residence,a welfare evaluation and evaluation index system was established,and fuzzy mathematics evaluation method was used to measure the welfare changes before and after the resident concentration of 184 farmers in the three new rural communities.The main findings are as follows:(1)Summarizes the current status,characteristics,and main patterns of concentrated living of farmers in Hechuan District.The Government attaches a great importance to the construction of New rural community.At present,it has launched New rural community in 17 villages and 48 villages in Hechuan District.The New rural Community is mainly to improve the living conditions and traffic conditions of farmers.Without changing the peasants' household registration and land property rights,realized the short-distance relocation of farmers,which reflects the characteristics of farmers concentrated living in hilly areas.According to different classification criteria,the New rural communities can be divided into different modes.According to the organizational form,it can be divided into government-led urban-rural construction land increase and decrease hook model and enterprise-led farmers' voluntary centralized living model;According to the boundaries of the village,it can be divided into a village-community type(Dazhu Village),a village-multiple community type(Fengsi Village)and a multi-village-community type(Baoen Village).The three construction modes have their own characteristics.Under the market-led model,the farmers' participation of farmers is higher.(2)The driving force of peasants' centralized living is mainly influenced by external factors and internal factors.The external factors mainly include natural conditions and socio-economic conditions.That is,the farmers' centralized decision-making is mainly affected by the homestead thrust and community pull.The dilapidated homestead,traffic obstruction,and inconvenience of travel are the important forces that lead farmers to choose the community to live together.The well-developed infrastructure,convenient traffic conditions,and superior housing environment in the community are the main forces that attract farmers to move into new rural communities.Research shows that whether land transfer,non-agricultural income,traffic conditions,and topographic conditions have a significant correlation with farmers' relocation decisions at the level of 1%,and other incomes and housing use years are significantly related to farmers' relocation decisions at the 5% level.Except for the external factors,internal factors are also an important factor affecting the farmers' relocation into the community.The research shows that the level of education of the household head is significantly related to the households' relocation decision at the level of 5%;the number of household migrant workers is significantly related to the 1% of households' relocation decisions.(3)Concentration of residence increased the overall welfare level of the farmers,but the increase was smaller.The overall welfare level of the farmers after their concentration was less than 0.5,which indicates that the farmers after centralized settlement are still in a bad condition.Looking at the improvement of various functional indicators of centralized residence,except for economic conditions is decline,the farmers' housing conditions,community environment,production and living facilities,social security,and psychological emotions have all been improved to varying degrees.The most significant improvements were the two indicators of convenience of production and life and community status,which are consistent with the factors affecting the decision-making behavior of farmers moving into the community.Due to differences in the economic foundations and construction modes of the communities,the degree of improvement in the overall welfare of the three communities is different.The specific manifestations are: Baoen community(0.039)> Fengsi community(0.023)> Dazhu community(0.022),This shows that the market-dominated multi-village-community type has the best effect on improving the welfare level of farmers.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the following suggestions: The first is construction New rural community should adopt a policy of scientific planning and adaptation to local conditions,prevent impracticality,rush forward,and promote the development of the city at the expense of farmers.The second is to fully respect the wishes of farmers,safeguard the rights and interests of farmers,and protect farmers' right to know and participate.The third is to improve the social security system in rural areas and solve the worries of farmers' concentrated living.The fourth is increase non-agricultural employment training,increase farmers' non-agricultural employment skills,and increase farmers' income.