Research On On-orbit Real-time Space Debris Detection And Recognition Algorithm

Since the launch of the world's first artificial satellite by the former Soviet Union on October 4,1957,the use of and competition for space resources by the world's great powers have officially begun.The early space targets were mainly in the military field,but with the rapid development of space science,It has been extended to civilian areas.The frequent space activities have brought more and more space debris,which has seriously affected the safe operation of artificial satellites and space stations.The space debris is mainly in the form of fragments,ranging in size from several microns to several meters.More than 10 cm of space debris will seriously affect the operation of spacecraft and even damage the spacecraft.Therefore,the demand for space debris management is becoming more and more urgent,so the detection and identification of space debris has very important research value.In this paper,the space debris detection and recognition algorithms are studied on the space-based photoelectric detection platform.The main research contents are as follows:1)The picture pretreatment,at first,analyzes the source of all kinds of noise in picture and their characteristics,and according to the characteristics of the main noise,to remove it.When the space debris and stars and satellites and detection system is far away,they become the only image pixel gray in many sizes to obtain location information.They need to represent their location information extraction in a coordinate these pixels,to lay the foundation for the subsequent target centroid extraction and motion detection and astronomical positioning algorithm.2)Moving target detection,when get space target and background stars in the image coordinates,we study the space target,so need to calculate the centroid of all which is the space target which is not a real background stars.Because there is no difference in appearance,so the image is not through the difference between them.This paper introduces characteristics like the introduction of the time axis,the motion characteristics of space target based on the method of screening space target by two consecutiveframes relative position.3)astronomical positioning,after moving target detection and motion target image plane coordinates,also need to obtain the orbital astronomical coordinates position to and cataloging database for comparison,to determine whether the cataloged space target.To achieve the goal of space astronomical coordinates of the position,the current mainstream method according to the astronomical coordinates of space target background stars,and the stars in the image space target and relative position on the surface of the astronomical coordinates from space target through star identification of astronomical coordinate positioning methods.4)Space target recognition.Firstly,the catalogued space target database is screened according to the astronomical coordinates of the observed space target,and after a certain selection,The astronomical coordinates of each cataloged target at the time of star map shooting are calculated according to the orbital root number of the remaining cataloged space targets to match the position of the observed target.