The Effects Of Two Irradiation Methods On The Quality And Microorganisms Of Salt Water Geese

As one of Yangzhou tourism specialty products,Yangzhou salted goose has broad market prospects.How to prolong the shelf life is an urgent problem for manufacturers.The traditional heat sterilization method affects the nutrition,consumption and flavor quality of salted goose.As a cold sterilization method,food irradiation technology has the unique advantage of rapidly killing microorganisms and greatly maintaining the flavor and texture of the food.In order to improve the nutrition,consumption and hygienic quality of Yangzhou salted goose,this paper studied the effects of electron beam and y-ray irradiation on the nutritional quality,physical and chemical properties,sensory quality,bactericidal effect and microbes of vacuum-packed salted goose,and provided the theory for the application of irradiation sterilization technology in the production process of salted goose products.The research results are as follows:(1)It took Yangzhou Big White Goose at 75,150,300 d from Yangzhou Gaoyou,as object of study.The effects of different days old on the nutrient composition,texture characteristics,sensory quality and volatile flavor components of salted goose were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the shear force of 300 d salted goose was about twice that of 150 d salted goose,tenderness of 300 d salted goose was poor;150 d salted goose had the highest sensory score;150 d salted goose had the most volatile flavors and fatty acids.The relative content of Essential Fatty Acids and P/S value,and Unsaturated Fatty Acids decreased with age;the P/S values of salted goose at 75 d and 150 d were higher than 0.4,which met dietary nutrition standards.The selection of Yangzhou Big White Goose for 150 days old can be used to meet the requirements of nutrition and food quality.(2)The salted goose treated by electron beam and y-ray irradiation was used as object of study.The effects of different doses of electron beam and y-ray irradiation sterilization on the nutritional quality of salted goose were compared and analyzed.The results showed that different doses of electron beam and y-ray irradiation had no significant effect on water content,protein content and crude fat content of salted goose;In 4 kGy y-ray irradiation treatment group,EAA/TAA value and EAA/NEAA value were significantly higher than the control group and other y-ray irradiation treatment groups;EAA/TAA value and EAA/NEAA value in the 8 kGy and 10 kGy electron beam irradiation treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group and other electron beam irradiation treatment groups.Irradiation sterilization of saltwater goose products using 4 kGy gamma rays,8 kGy electron beams and 10 kGy electron beams can improve the nutritional quality of salted goose.(3)The salted goose treated by electron beam and y-ray irradiation were used as research objects.The fuzzy mathematical model was established to study the effects of different irradiation doses of electron beam and y-ray irradiation on the sensory quality of salted geese.The results showed that the sensory evaluation of salted geese in 8 kGy and 10 kGy y ray irradiation and 10 kGy electron beam irradiation treatment group was poor;2,4,6 kGy y ray irradiation and 2,4,6,8 kGy electron beam irradiation treatment could improve the sensory quality of saltedr goose.(4)The high-throughput sequencing method of Miseq was used to analyze the effects of different irradiation doses of electron beam and y-ray irradiation on the dynamic changes of the bacteria phase during the storage process.The results showed that the total number of colonies in the electron beam and y-ray irradiation treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group.During the storage period from 0 to 40 days,except for the 2 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation treatment group,Both y-ray and electron beam irradiation treatment had an effect on the dynamic changes of microbial diversity in salted goose.At the phylum level,the dominant bacteria in the 2 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation treatment group were Firmicutes in the 40 days storage period;In the other irradiation treatment group,the dominant bacteria in the 40 days storage period were Proteobacteria;At the genus level,2 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation changed the colony composition of the salted goose during the initial storage,but all of the dominant genus in the 40 days storage period were evolved from Pantoea to Lactobacillus.Both kinds of irradiation sterilization methods can significantly reduce the total number of colonies.The bactericidal effect of the same dose of electron beam and y-ray irradiation on salted goose is similar,except for 2 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation treatment,4,6,8,10 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation had a great influence on the colony composition of the salted goose in the early stage of storage and the composition of microbial colonies during storage.4,6,8,10 kGy electron beam and y-ray irradiation sterilization technology is suitable for industrial production of salted goose.Based on the experimental study on the effects of two kinds of irradiation methods on the quality and microbial characteristics of salted goose,it was found that 4 kGy y-ray and 8 kGy electron beam were used to sterilize salted goose.