Demonstration Of Comprehensive Control Of Soil Erosion And Analysis Of Benefits Of Soil And Water Conservation In Low Mountain And Hilly Areas

Through the investigation and analysis of soil erosion and erosion in the eastern low hill and hilly region,the study determined that the soil erosion in the low hill and hilly erosion area of Eastern Heilongjiang province was accelerated,with an average increase of 109 km2 each year,especially in the last 5 years,the expansion speed was obviously accelerated,and the average increase of 262.83 km2 per year.On the trend of governance and development,a small part of soil erosion land has been effectively harnessing and exploiting,and most of the soil erosion land is growing and expanding,and the degree of loss is aggravating.Specifically,the area of mild soil erosion is decreasing,with an average annual reduction of811.34 km2.Moderate and intensity eroded soil and water erosion is expanding.Moderate erosion increased by 889.05 km2 annually.The intensity increases by 185.12 km2 per year.The results of sediment and runoff test show that the effect of the soil conservation is the best,the soil conservation rate of the horizontal terrace,the compound ridge plant belt,the natural grassland,the shrub land and the larch land are all above 90%,and the water retention rate is above 80%.Although the ridge is not as good as the above measures,the rainfall duration is6 h,and the 30 min rain is strong.To 6.8mm,under the condition of total rainfall of 24.2mm,the capacity of retaining soil and water storage still reached 89.62% and 76.05 respectively.When the rainfall was 7.5h,the rainfall intensity of 30 min reached 16.6mm,the soil retention and storage capacity of the total rainfall was 85.04% and 62.09% respectively under the condition of the total rainfall of 38.2mm.It showed that the ability of soil and water conservation was better.Artificial grassland,acanthopanax and yellow flower vegetable wereSoil erosion is different erosion mechanism law,the degree of erosion is different,the corresponding treatment measures also change,through the predecessor summary and experience,the low mountain hilly area soil erosion comprehensive control system mainly includes slope control measures,channel control measures and fall zone control measures.Heilongjiang is located in the northeastern low hilly area,the low hills in the province are widely distributed in the Eastern and Central and northern regions.This study selected the experimental site of the Mudanjiang Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute ofHeilongjiang Province as the experimental site,and the red flag basin as the typical demonstration area.There are 9 experimental communities in the experimental field,of which 6 are standard communities,with an area of 5m × 20 M and a slope of 8 °.The treatment measures are forest land(pine pine),bare land,grassland,shrub forest land,bamboo knot and control;There are 3 non-standard communities,and the slopes are natural slopes.The measures are composite ridges,horizontal terraces,and ridge belts.The sediment collection device includes a retaining Ridge,a collection tank,and a collection pool(1M ×1M × 1M).For three consecutive years,the sediment and runoff of standard and non-standard communities during rainfall are observed.Using the formula Cw =(1-W/Wck)× 100 % and Cs =(1-S/Sck)× 100 % to calculate the water retention effect and soil preservation effect,and then analyze the runoff and sediment storage conditions of different governance measures.That is,different treatment measures water storage and soil retention capacity analysis.The typical demonstration area is to analyze the ecological,economic and social benefits of the ideological management measures obtained by experimental communities.The results of sediment and runoff tests show that the water retention effect of bamboo ditches is the best,and the soil retention rate of different treatment measures such as horizontal terraces,composite ridge plant belts,natural grasslands,shrubbery lands and larch lands is more than 90 %,and the water retention rate is above 80 %.Although the above measures were not as good as the above measures,the soil storage capacity reached 89.62 %and 76.05 under the condition that the rainfall lasted 6 H,30 min rain reached 6.8 mm,and the total rainfall was 24.2 mm.In the rainfall period of 7.5 H,the intensity of 30 min rain reached 16.6 mm,and the total rainfall of 38.2 mm still reached 85.04 % and 62.09 %,respectively,indicating that it has a good earth storage capacity;In the third year of artificial grassland planting,the capacity of water storage and soil preservation has reached more than95 %.After three years of governance,the ecological,economic and social benefits of the Hongqi watershed in a typical demonstration area have been significantly improved.The degree of soil erosion control has reached 95.09 %,the efficiency of water storage and soil preservation has reached more than 70 %,the sound rate of engineering measures is more than 80 %,andthe conservation rate of forest grass measures is more than 80 %.The annual increase in grain production is 459,200 kg,the annual increase in income is 2,659,200 yuan,the per capita income increases by 1899.43 yuan,and the per capita increase in grain production is328.00 kg;Annual soil erosion reduction of 32,600 T,annual water protection of 759,500 M3.The coverage rate of forest grass increased from 29.71 % before treatment to more than31.00 %,and the soil erosion modulus decreased from 2877t/km2.2.a before treatment to mild water erosion.The comprehensive management of soil erosion in low mountain and hilly areas of Heilongjiang province has made it possible to improve ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits,while improving the ecological environment on the basis of satisfying per capita income,enabling the agricultural ecosystem to achieve a virtuous cycle and increase its ability to resist natural disasters,which is worthy of popularization and reference.